A patient's heart rate increased from 94 to 164 beats/min. What will the nurse expect as a result?
Decrease in hemoglobin level
Increase in diastolic filling time
Increase in stroke volume
Decrease in cardiac output
The Correct Answer is D
A. An increase in heart rate does not directly affect hemoglobin levels; this option is incorrect.
B. A higher heart rate decreases diastolic filling time, as there is less time for the heart to fill between beats, which can lead to reduced stroke volume.
C. An increased heart rate does not inherently increase stroke volume; in fact, at very high rates, stroke volume can decrease due to reduced filling time.
D. The significant increase in heart rate to 164 beats/min can lead to decreased cardiac output due to compromised diastolic filling and reduced stroke volume.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Cultural values regarding cleanliness vary, so it is inaccurate to assume uniform standards.
B. Judging the patient as placing "little importance" on hygiene due to appearance can lead to biases and does not consider the patient’s routine.
C. Diabetes may necessitate changes in hygiene practices, especially regarding foot care, to prevent complications. Education on optimal hygiene practices is essential for health management in diabetic patients.
D. While personal preferences influence hygiene, they can be adapted with appropriate education and guidance when necessary for health reasons.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Certification relates to additional qualifications and does not directly involve independent nursing actions in patient care.
B. Licensure is the legal permission to practice nursing but does not describe decision-making and action in patient care.
C. Autonomy is demonstrated when the nurse independently assesses the patient’s fluid status and takes action to promote health by encouraging fluid intake. This reflects the nurse’s ability to make decisions and act based on professional judgment.
D. Accountability refers to being responsible for one's actions but does not specifically cover the independent decision-making shown here.