A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports leg pain while walking which resolves with rest. The nurse recognizes this symptom as:
Deep vein thrombosis
Restless leg syndrome
Intermittent claudication
Varicose veins
The Correct Answer is C
A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.
B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.
C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.
D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Encourage the client to walk on the injured ankle to promote circulation. Weight-bearing activities should be avoided initially after a Grade II sprain to prevent further injury.
B. Immerse the ankle in warm water immediately after the injury. Ice, rather than warmth, is recommended immediately following an injury to reduce swelling and inflammation.
C. Apply ice to the affected ankle for the first 24-72 hours. Applying ice for 24-72 hours helps reduce swelling and pain by causing vasoconstriction and controlling inflammation in the acute phase.
D. Perform deep tissue massage on the injured area to reduce pain. Massaging a newly sprained ankle can aggravate inflammation and cause additional tissue damage.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The client states that they consume a high calcium diet and have had high calcium in their blood. A high calcium diet or hypercalcemia is more associated with kidney stones, not typically with pyelonephritis.
B. The client reports that they had two urinary tract infections (UTI) in the past months. Recurrent UTIs are a risk factor for pyelonephritis, as untreated or recurrent infections can ascend from the bladder to the kidneys, leading to this condition.
C. The client states that they remember their mother saying their grandma had this same genetic disease. Pyelonephritis is not typically a genetic disease but rather an infection of the kidneys, often secondary to urinary tract infections.
D. The client reports that they took a lot of ibuprofen for arthritis for many years. Long-term NSAID use can impact kidney function but does not directly cause pyelonephritis.