A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports leg pain while walking which resolves with rest. The nurse recognizes this symptom as:
Deep vein thrombosis
Restless leg syndrome
Intermittent claudication
Varicose veins
The Correct Answer is C
A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.
B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.
C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.
D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Ensure that the client's urine output is at least 1 ml/kg/hr. Adequate urine output is essential before administering IV potassium to ensure the kidneys are functioning properly and can handle the increased potassium load, preventing hyperkalemia.
B. Ensure potassium infusion is prepared with 5% dextrose solution. While IV potassium can be mixed with normal saline or dextrose solutions, the specific diluent will depend on the clinical scenario. This isn't necessarily a standard requirement, so it may not be appropriate for all situations.
C. Educate the client regarding high-potassium foods. Education on high-potassium foods helps the client maintain potassium levels after treatment, reducing the need for future supplementation.
D. Repeat blood serum potassium levels. Rechecking potassium levels ensures the patient reaches a safe and therapeutic range and helps monitor for signs of overcorrection or continued hypokalemia.
E. Cardiac monitoring during infusion. Cardiac monitoring is critical, as hypokalemia and potassium replacement can affect heart rhythm and lead to arrhythmias.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Initiation of a high-sodium diet. A high-sodium diet is not indicated in pulmonary embolism management; it could worsen fluid retention and cardiovascular strain.
B. Application of a cast to the affected limb. Casting is not appropriate for pulmonary embolism, as it is not an orthopedic injury. Immobilization could increase the risk of further clot formation.
C. Administration of anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy, such as heparin or warfarin, is the primary treatment for pulmonary embolism to prevent further clot formation and allow the body to dissolve the clot.
D. Administration of bronchodilators. Bronchodilators may alleviate respiratory symptoms but do not treat the underlying clot in pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation remains the primary treatment.