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A patient with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) reports leg pain while walking which resolves with rest. The nurse recognizes this symptom as:

A.

Deep vein thrombosis

B.

Restless leg syndrome

C.

Intermittent claudication

D.

Varicose veins

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is C

A. Deep vein thrombosis. Deep vein thrombosis typically causes constant pain, swelling, and redness and does not improve with rest.

 

B. Restless leg syndrome. Restless leg syndrome is characterized by an uncontrollable urge to move the legs, usually at rest, and is not associated with walking.

 

C. Intermittent claudication. Intermittent claudication is a common symptom of PAD where muscle pain or cramping occurs during activity and is relieved with rest due to insufficient blood flow.

 

D. Varicose veins. Varicose veins generally cause aching and swelling rather than pain triggered specifically by walking.


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Correct Answer is D

Explanation

A. Elevated blood pressure. Blood pressure typically drops in hypovolemic shock as blood volume decreases.

B. Warm, flushed skin. As hypovolemic shock progresses, skin becomes cool and clammy due to decreased blood flow and compensatory vasoconstriction.

C. Increased urine output. Hypovolemic shock leads to decreased urine output due to reduced renal perfusion.

D. Increased heart rate. An increased heart rate is an early compensatory response in hypovolemic shock as the body attempts to maintain cardiac output.

Correct Answer is A

Explanation

A. Use written communication or visual aids to supplement verbal instructions. Written communication and visual aids are effective ways to enhance understanding and provide clear instructions to a patient with hearing loss.

B. Speak loudly and directly into the patient's ear. Speaking loudly can distort sounds and may make it harder for the patient to understand. Instead, clear and slow speech with normal volume is recommended.

C. Turn off all background noise and speak to the patient from behind. While reducing background noise is beneficial, speaking from behind is ineffective as the patient cannot see the nurse’s facial expressions or read lips.

D. Assume the patient can read lips and avoid using sign language or gestures. Assuming the patient can read lips is not appropriate; gestures or other visual aids should be used to enhance communication.

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