A patient with Crohn’s disease is experiencing an exacerbation. Which if the following symptoms should the nurse expect to find?
Frequent urination
Jaundice
Joint pain
Abdominal pain and cramping
The Correct Answer is D
A. Frequent urination. Frequent urination is not typically associated with Crohn’s disease, which primarily affects the gastrointestinal system.
B. Jaundice. Jaundice is related to liver or biliary system issues and is not a common symptom of Crohn’s disease.
C. Joint pain. While Crohn’s disease may be associated with extraintestinal symptoms, joint pain is not as common as gastrointestinal symptoms during an exacerbation.
D. Abdominal pain and cramping. Abdominal pain and cramping are common symptoms of Crohn’s disease, especially during flare-ups, due to inflammation in the digestive tract.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance. Parkinson’s disease is not caused by inflammation in the motor cortex; it primarily involves the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
B. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
C. A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline. While a loss of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it is not the primary issue in Parkinson’s disease.
D. Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity. In Parkinson’s disease, there is a decrease, not an excess, in dopamine production, which contributes to motor symptoms.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Keep the patient NPO (nothing by mouth) until the T-tube is removed. Patients are generally kept NPO initially but may resume clear liquids and progress to a regular diet based on tolerance; NPO status is not required until the T-tube is removed.
B. Monitor the tube drainage and document the amount and color. Monitoring and documenting drainage from the T-tube is crucial to assess biliary function and ensure that the bile is draining properly, indicating no obstruction.
C. Ensure the tube is clamped for 8 hours each day. Clamping may be done before tube removal to test the body’s tolerance to bile drainage, but it should be done only as per physician orders, not routinely for 8 hours each day.
D. Flush the T-tube with normal saline every 4 hours. Flushing a T-tube is generally not done routinely as it could disrupt the flow of bile and cause complications.