. A patient with central diabetes insipidus is being treated with desmopressin (DDAVP) and fluid replacement. Which of the following lab values should the nurse monitor closely?
Serum sodium levels
Serum magnesium levels
Serum potassium levels
Serum calcium levels
The Correct Answer is A
A. Serum sodium levels: Desmopressin can lead to water retention and potentially hyponatremia. Monitoring serum sodium is crucial to prevent electrolyte imbalance.
B. Serum magnesium levels: Magnesium is not typically impacted by desmopressin treatment in central diabetes insipidus.
C. Serum potassium levels: Desmopressin does not generally affect potassium levels in patients with diabetes insipidus.
D. Serum calcium levels: Calcium levels are not directly influenced by desmopressin or diabetes insipidus.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD). PAD is a chronic condition related to reduced blood flow in peripheral arteries. It is not directly associated with MI complications.
B. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). GERD involves acid reflux and is not related to post-MI complications.
C. Hypertension. While hypertension is a risk factor for MI, it does not directly explain the symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats following an MI.
D. Heart Failure. Heart failure is a common post-MI complication, especially if a significant portion of heart muscle is damaged. Symptoms of shortness of breath and irregular heartbeats could indicate left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs, or right-sided failure, which can lead to systemic congestion.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stroke: The sudden onset of one-sided weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, and severe headache are classic symptoms of an acute stroke, where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to neurological deficits.
B. Migraine: While migraines can cause headache and some neurological symptoms, they usually include visual disturbances, nausea, or photophobia rather than one-sided weakness and numbness.
C. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia can cause confusion, weakness, and headache, but it typically lacks the focal neurological symptoms, like one-sided weakness and numbness.
D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A TIA can cause similar symptoms, but the deficits are usually transient and resolve within 24 hours without lasting neurological damage. Persistent symptoms are more indicative of a stroke.