. A patient with active gastrointestinal bleeding is being monitored for complications. Which of the following signs indicates the patient is developing hypovolemic shock?
Elevated blood pressure
warm, flushed skin
Increased urine output
Increased heart rate
The Correct Answer is D
A. Elevated blood pressure. Blood pressure typically drops in hypovolemic shock as blood volume decreases.
B. Warm, flushed skin. As hypovolemic shock progresses, skin becomes cool and clammy due to decreased blood flow and compensatory vasoconstriction.
C. Increased urine output. Hypovolemic shock leads to decreased urine output due to reduced renal perfusion.
D. Increased heart rate. An increased heart rate is an early compensatory response in hypovolemic shock as the body attempts to maintain cardiac output.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Mild wheezing: Mild wheezing can be a common symptom in COPD and does not immediately indicate a severe complication unless it worsens suddenly.
B. Fatigue and general malaise: Fatigue and malaise are often chronic in COPD and do not necessarily indicate an acute complication.
C. Increased sputum production: While increased sputum could suggest an infection, it is not the most urgent sign of a severe complication.
D. Sudden onset chest pain and dyspnea: Sudden chest pain and dyspnea are concerning for a pneumothorax or pulmonary embolism, both of which are potential complications in COPD and require immediate attention.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Share personal items like razors and toothbrushes. Sharing personal items that may come in contact with blood or body fluids, like razors and toothbrushes, increases the risk of spreading hepatitis, so clients should avoid sharing these items.
B. Drink alcohol in moderation to avoid liver strain. Clients with hepatitis should avoid alcohol entirely, as alcohol can worsen liver inflammation and damage, which would strain the liver further.
C. Wash your hands thoroughly after using the bathroom. Hand hygiene is crucial, especially for hepatitis A, which can spread through fecal-oral transmission. Washing hands can prevent the spread of the virus to others.
D. Avoid all physical activities to conserve energy. Although clients may need to rest, they do not need to avoid all physical activity. Light, tolerated activity can help maintain strength and prevent complications from immobility.