. A patient who underwent gastric surgery is being educated on preventing dumping syndrome. Which of the following dietary recommendations should the nurse include in the teaching?
Consume small frequent meals throughout the day.
Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion.
Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal.
Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion.
The Correct Answer is A
A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.
B. Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion. Although lying down after eating can slow gastric emptying and help prevent dumping syndrome, it does not aid in digestion.
C. Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal. High-carbohydrate foods are likely to worsen symptoms of dumping syndrome by causing rapid glucose absorption, which leads to a spike in insulin and subsequent hypoglycemia.
D. Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion. Fluids should be taken between meals rather than with meals to avoid rapid gastric emptying and prevent dumping syndrome.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Increased pulse, respirations and blood pressure with dysphagia and respiratory distress. A myasthenic crisis is characterized by severe muscle weakness that can lead to respiratory failure, dysphagia, and increased vital signs due to the stress of respiratory distress.
B. Hypotension, diarrhea, and increased salivation. These symptoms are more indicative of a cholinergic crisis, which is due to excess acetylcholine.
C. Bradycardia and hypothermia. Bradycardia and hypothermia are not characteristic signs of a myasthenic crisis.
D. Tachypnea and hyperactive deep tendon reflexes. While tachypnea can occur in respiratory distress, hyperactive reflexes are not typical in myasthenic crisis, as it involves neuromuscular weakness.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Initiate intravenous fluid therapy. While fluid therapy is essential to support circulation and reduce the risk of shock, oxygenation takes priority in fat embolism management.
B. Prepare the client for emergency surgery. Surgery is not typically the first-line intervention for fat embolism; management focuses on supportive care, particularly respiratory support.
C. Administer high-flow oxygen via a non-rebreather mask. High-flow oxygen is the first priority to address hypoxia caused by fat embolism and should be administered immediately to maintain adequate oxygenation.
D. Apply sequential compression devices (SCDs). SCDs are used to prevent venous thromboembolism, but they do not help with the treatment of fat embolism.