A patient was admitted for terminal heart failure and is now eligible for a transplant. The family wants everything possible done to maintain life. Which procedure might be offered to the patient for this condition to increase the patient's quality of life?
Coronary artery bypass graft
Percutaneous coronary artery intervention
Nothing, because the patient is in terminal heart failure
Left ventricular assist device (LVAD)
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. A coronary artery bypass graft is used to treat coronary artery disease but is not typically indicated for end-stage heart failure.
B. Percutaneous coronary intervention is also used for coronary artery disease, not for improving quality of life in terminal heart failure.
C. This option dismisses potential interventions that could improve quality of life, such as an LVAD.
D. An LVAD is a mechanical pump that assists the left ventricle in pumping blood, often used as a bridge to heart transplant or as a long-term solution to improve quality of life in patients with terminal heart failure.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Continuous IV infusion is the most appropriate route for treating hypertensive emergencies because it allows for rapid and controlled reduction of blood pressure, which is crucial in preventing target organ damage.
B. Sublingual administration is not recommended in hypertensive emergencies because it does not allow for the precise control needed in these situations.
C. Intramuscular administration is generally not used for antihypertensive agents in emergencies because it does not provide the rapid and adjustable response that IV infusion does.
D. Oral administration is too slow in onset for hypertensive emergencies and is not appropriate when immediate blood pressure control is necessary.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. This response may make the spouse feel pressured by implying that religion should not be a concern, which may not be respectful of the spouse's beliefs.
B. This statement is coercive, focusing on the shortage of organs rather than on the spouse's feelings and the wishes of the deceased.
C. Suggesting that donating organs will make the spouse feel better can be seen as manipulative and may not truly address the spouse's confusion or emotions.
D. Asking what the spouse thinks the deceased would have wanted is appropriate, as it centers on the values and wishes of the deceased, which can guide the spouse in making an informed decision.