A patient presents to the clinic with symptoms of a sore throat, nasal congestion, watery eyes, sneezing, malaise, and a nonproductive cough. The nurse notes that the patient's temperature is normal. Based on this information, which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
influenza
Strep Throat
Rhinitis
Bacterial pharyngitis
The Correct Answer is C
A. Influenza: Influenza typically presents with a high fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, which are not present in this case.
B. Strep Throat: Strep throat usually presents with a sore throat, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes, not nasal congestion or watery eyes.
C. Rhinitis: Rhinitis, particularly allergic rhinitis, causes symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, watery eyes, and malaise without fever, making it the most likely diagnosis.
D. Bacterial Pharyngitis: Bacterial pharyngitis often presents with a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes, but typically does not include nasal congestion or watery eyes.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is a reduction of blood flow to the kidneys. Reduced blood flow to the kidneys, or renal hypoperfusion, decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) because less blood is being filtered through the kidneys. This can occur in conditions such as shock, severe dehydration, or heart failure, but it is not the primary mechanism in acute tubular necrosis (ATN).
B. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is injury to the renal tubular cells. In ATN, the injury to renal tubular cells impairs their function, leading to reduced reabsorption and filtration ability, which contributes to the decrease in GFR.
C. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because inflammatory cells invade the already damaged kidneys. While inflammation may be present, it is not the primary cause of decreased GFR in acute tubular necrosis; reduced blood flow and tubular cell injury are more direct causes.
D. The glomerular filtration rate decreases because there is obstruction leading to the filtration system backing up and eventually shutting the kidneys down. Obstruction is not typically a characteristic of acute tubular necrosis; ATN is usually caused by ischemic or toxic injury, not physical obstruction.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stroke: The sudden onset of one-sided weakness, numbness, difficulty speaking, and severe headache are classic symptoms of an acute stroke, where blood flow to part of the brain is interrupted, leading to neurological deficits.
B. Migraine: While migraines can cause headache and some neurological symptoms, they usually include visual disturbances, nausea, or photophobia rather than one-sided weakness and numbness.
C. Hypoglycemia: Hypoglycemia can cause confusion, weakness, and headache, but it typically lacks the focal neurological symptoms, like one-sided weakness and numbness.
D. Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA): A TIA can cause similar symptoms, but the deficits are usually transient and resolve within 24 hours without lasting neurological damage. Persistent symptoms are more indicative of a stroke.