A patient is having a cardiac evaluation to assess for possible heart failure and valvular disease. Which study best identifies heart function and measures the size of the cardiac chambers?
Electrophysiology study
12-lead electrocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
Echocardiogram
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. An electrophysiology study assesses the electrical activity of the heart but does not evaluate heart function or chamber size.
B. A 12-lead electrocardiogram records the electrical activity of the heart but does not provide detailed information on heart function or chamber size.
C. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive procedure used to assess coronary artery disease and other structural heart conditions but is not the primary study for evaluating heart function and chamber size.
D. An echocardiogram is a non-invasive ultrasound that provides detailed images of the heart, including its function, chamber size, and valve function, making it the best choice for this purpose.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Deaths of patients with communicable diseases still need to be reported because tissue and organ viability must be assessed on a case-by-case basis.
B. Tissue donation is voluntary and requires consent from the patient or their legal representative.
C. Organ donation can be authorized by a client's surrogate if the client has not previously given or refused consent. This allows for the surrogate to make decisions in line with the client’s wishes or best interests.
D. While facilities may have committees involved in the process, reporting is to organ procurement organizations, not solely to a facility's committee.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Quickly removing the family members may add to their distress and does not respect their right to decide.
B. Telling them it will be stressful assumes their reaction without giving them a choice.
C. Allowing the family members to choose whether to stay respects their autonomy and can provide comfort during a difficult time. It is also in line with current best practices for family presence during resuscitation.
D. Assigning a staff member to wait outside is appropriate but should be done after offering the family the option to stay in the room.