A patient is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following treatments should the nurse anticipate?
Initiation of a high-sodium diet
Application of a cast to the affected limb
Administration of anticoagulant therapy
Administration of bronchodilators
The Correct Answer is C
A. Initiation of a high-sodium diet. A high-sodium diet is not indicated in pulmonary embolism management; it could worsen fluid retention and cardiovascular strain.
B. Application of a cast to the affected limb. Casting is not appropriate for pulmonary embolism, as it is not an orthopedic injury. Immobilization could increase the risk of further clot formation.
C. Administration of anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy, such as heparin or warfarin, is the primary treatment for pulmonary embolism to prevent further clot formation and allow the body to dissolve the clot.
D. Administration of bronchodilators. Bronchodilators may alleviate respiratory symptoms but do not treat the underlying clot in pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation remains the primary treatment.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I should monitor my temperature regularly and report any fevers to my healthcare provider." This statement shows correct understanding. Fever may indicate worsening infection or complications, so it’s important to monitor and report any fevers.
B. "I need to inform my healthcare provider about any new symptoms, such as shortness of breath or chest pain." This statement shows understanding. New symptoms, especially respiratory or cardiac, could signify complications, and should be reported.
C. "I can stop taking my antibiotics once I feel better." This indicates a need for further teaching. Completing the full course of antibiotics is crucial to ensure the infection is completely eradicated, even if symptoms improve.
D. "I will need to take antibiotics before dental procedures." Patients with infective endocarditis often require prophylactic antibiotics before dental procedures to prevent bacterial entry into the bloodstream.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Consume small frequent meals throughout the day. Small, frequent meals reduce the volume of food entering the small intestine at one time, helping to prevent symptoms of dumping syndrome.
B. Lie down immediately after eating to aid digestion. Although lying down after eating can slow gastric emptying and help prevent dumping syndrome, it does not aid in digestion.
C. Include high-carbohydrate foods in every meal. High-carbohydrate foods are likely to worsen symptoms of dumping syndrome by causing rapid glucose absorption, which leads to a spike in insulin and subsequent hypoglycemia.
D. Drink fluids with meals to aid in digestion. Fluids should be taken between meals rather than with meals to avoid rapid gastric emptying and prevent dumping syndrome.