A patient is diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. Which of the following treatments should the nurse anticipate?
Initiation of a high-sodium diet
Application of a cast to the affected limb
Administration of anticoagulant therapy
Administration of bronchodilators
The Correct Answer is C
A. Initiation of a high-sodium diet. A high-sodium diet is not indicated in pulmonary embolism management; it could worsen fluid retention and cardiovascular strain.
B. Application of a cast to the affected limb. Casting is not appropriate for pulmonary embolism, as it is not an orthopedic injury. Immobilization could increase the risk of further clot formation.
C. Administration of anticoagulant therapy. Anticoagulant therapy, such as heparin or warfarin, is the primary treatment for pulmonary embolism to prevent further clot formation and allow the body to dissolve the clot.
D. Administration of bronchodilators. Bronchodilators may alleviate respiratory symptoms but do not treat the underlying clot in pulmonary embolism. Anticoagulation remains the primary treatment.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Interferon Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs): IGRAs are useful for detecting TB infection but do not confirm active TB disease. They measure the immune response to TB bacteria but don’t differentiate between latent and active infection.
B. Sputum culture: Sputum culture is the gold standard for confirming active TB because it identifies Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacteria directly, confirming active infection.
C. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST): The TST can indicate TB infection but cannot distinguish between latent and active TB, making it unsuitable as a confirmatory test for active disease.
D. Chest X-ray: A chest X-ray can show signs suggestive of TB but cannot confirm the presence of TB bacteria, so it is not definitive for diagnosing active TB.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Loss of pain, temperature, and light touch sensation on the same side as the injury. In Brown-Sequard syndrome, pain, temperature, and light touch are typically lost on the opposite (contralateral) side of the injury.
B. Loss of motor function and deep pressure sensation on the opposite side of the injury. Motor function and deep pressure sensation loss occur on the same side (ipsilateral) as the injury.
C. Loss of motor function and position sense on the same side as the injury. Brown-Sequard syndrome is a spinal cord hemisection injury leading to loss of motor function and proprioception on the same side as the injury.
D. Loss of motor function with preserved pain and temperature sensation in the lower extremities. Pain and temperature sensations are lost on the opposite side of the injury in Brown-Sequard syndrome, not preserved.