A patient has inadequate stroke volume related to decreased preload. Which treatment does the nurse prepare to administer?
Chest physiotherapy
Diuretics
Vasodilators
Intravenous (IV) fluids
The Correct Answer is D
A. Chest physiotherapy is used to mobilize secretions and improve lung function, not specifically for increasing stroke volume or preload.
B. Diuretics would decrease preload by removing excess fluid, which is counterproductive in a patient with inadequate stroke volume related to decreased preload.
C. Vasodilators can further decrease preload and are not appropriate in this scenario where preload needs to be increased.
D. Intravenous (IV) fluids are administered to increase preload and improve stroke volume by enhancing the circulating blood volume.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Atelectasis can occur in anyone, not just those with chronic conditions; this statement is incorrect.
B. While hyperventilation may temporarily open alveoli, it is not a preventative measure for atelectasis.
C. Breathing exercises, such as incentive spirometry or deep breathing, are effective in preventing atelectasis by promoting lung expansion and alveolar ventilation.
D. A chest tube is typically used to remove air or fluid from the pleural space, not for the treatment of atelectasis, which is often managed with respiratory therapies.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Atelectasis is prevented primarily through deep breathing exercises and respiratory interventions, not passive ROM.
B. Passive ROM and splinting help prevent joint contractures by maintaining joint mobility and alignment, so the absence of contractures indicates successful prevention.
C. Pressure ulcers are avoided through regular repositioning and skin care rather than passive ROM alone.
D. Renal calculi are primarily prevented through hydration and diet, not passive ROM or splinting.