A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure and cardiac output is decreased. Which formula can the nurse use to calculate cardiac output?
Ventricular filling time/diastolic filling time
Stroke volume x heart rate
Myocardial contractility x myocardial blood flow
Preload/afterload
The Correct Answer is B
A. Ventricular filling time and diastolic filling time are not formulas used to calculate cardiac output; they pertain to the phases of the cardiac cycle.
B. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat) by heart rate (the number of beats per minute). This formula accurately reflects the overall volume of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
C. Myocardial contractility and myocardial blood flow are important factors in cardiac function but do not directly provide a formula for calculating cardiac output.
D. Preload and afterload are factors that affect stroke volume but are not used to calculate cardiac output directly.
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