A patient has been diagnosed with heart failure and cardiac output is decreased. Which formula can the nurse use to calculate cardiac output?
Ventricular filling time/diastolic filling time
Stroke volume x heart rate
Myocardial contractility x myocardial blood flow
Preload/afterload
The Correct Answer is B
A. Ventricular filling time and diastolic filling time are not formulas used to calculate cardiac output; they pertain to the phases of the cardiac cycle.
B. Cardiac output is calculated by multiplying stroke volume (the amount of blood ejected by the heart with each beat) by heart rate (the number of beats per minute). This formula accurately reflects the overall volume of blood the heart pumps in one minute.
C. Myocardial contractility and myocardial blood flow are important factors in cardiac function but do not directly provide a formula for calculating cardiac output.
D. Preload and afterload are factors that affect stroke volume but are not used to calculate cardiac output directly.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Blood flow starts from the right atrium, moves into the right ventricle, then to the lungs, where it is oxygenated and returns to the left atrium, and then flows into the left ventricle before being pumped into the aorta.
B. This sequence incorrectly places the left atrium before the right ventricle, which is not the correct flow of blood.
C. This sequence starts incorrectly with the right ventricle, skipping the left atrium entirely after blood is oxygenated.
D. This option also incorrectly starts with the right ventricle and does not include the proper sequence of blood flow.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. The nursing diagnosis "Impaired physical mobility" is appropriate and does not need revision.
B. There is no collaborative problem mentioned in the statement that requires revision.
C. The defining characteristic "patient's inability to ambulate" accurately reflects the patient's current condition and does not need changes.
D. The etiology "related to tibial fracture" should be revised to reflect a more precise causal factor that can be addressed by nursing interventions. A more appropriate etiology could specify the limitation in mobility rather than just stating the fracture.