A patient has been admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of DKA. What vital signs should a nurse anticipate that the patient will exhibit?
Temperature, 98° F; pulse, 84 beats/min; respirations, 18 breaths/min and shallow
Temperature, 99° F; pulse, 62 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min and shallow
Temperature, 97.4° F; pulse, 110 beats/min; respirations, 26 breaths/min and deep
Temperature, 98.6° F; pulse, 76 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min and deep
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Normal pulse and respiratory rates do not indicate the expected tachycardia or Kussmaul respirations in DKA.
B. This option shows a slower heart rate, which is not typical of DKA where tachycardia is expected.
C. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), clients typically exhibit tachycardia due to dehydration and deep, rapid Kussmaul respirations as the body attempts to correct the acidosis.
D. The vital signs in this option do not reflect the expected findings of DKA, such as tachycardia and deep respirations.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A recent viral infection is a potential trigger for type 1 diabetes, not type 2.
B. A triglyceride level of 100 mg/dL is within normal limits and does not increase the risk for type 2 diabetes.
C. A fasting blood glucose of 98 mg/dL is also within normal limits and does not indicate a risk for diabetes.
D. A sedentary lifestyle is a major risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes due to reduced physical activity, which contributes to insulin resistance and weight gain.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Weight gain, rather than weight loss, is associated with hypothyroidism and myxedema.
B. High-fiber foods are encouraged in hypothyroidism to manage constipation, not limited.
C. Clients with myxedema experience cold intolerance and need warmth, making the application of warm blankets an appropriate intervention.
D. While clients may experience fatigue, bedrest is not a primary intervention; maintaining activity as tolerated is encouraged.