A patient has been admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of DKA. What vital signs should a nurse anticipate that the patient will exhibit?
Temperature, 98° F; pulse, 84 beats/min; respirations, 18 breaths/min and shallow
Temperature, 99° F; pulse, 62 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min and shallow
Temperature, 97.4° F; pulse, 110 beats/min; respirations, 26 breaths/min and deep
Temperature, 98.6° F; pulse, 76 beats/min; respirations, 16 breaths/min and deep
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Normal pulse and respiratory rates do not indicate the expected tachycardia or Kussmaul respirations in DKA.
B. This option shows a slower heart rate, which is not typical of DKA where tachycardia is expected.
C. In diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), clients typically exhibit tachycardia due to dehydration and deep, rapid Kussmaul respirations as the body attempts to correct the acidosis.
D. The vital signs in this option do not reflect the expected findings of DKA, such as tachycardia and deep respirations.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Weight gain is common in hypothyroidism due to a slowed metabolism.
B. Diaphoresis is more associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism.
C. Palpitations are a symptom of hyperthyroidism.
D. Protruding eyeballs (exophthalmos) is associated with Graves' disease, a form of hyperthyroidism.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Weight gain is typically associated with hypothyroidism; clients with hyperthyroidism often experience weight loss due to increased metabolism.
B. Frequent mood changes, including anxiety and irritability, are common in hyperthyroidism as a result of increased thyroid hormone levels affecting mood regulation.
C. Sensitivity to cold is associated with hypothyroidism; hyperthyroid clients usually have an increased sensitivity to heat.
D. Constipation is more characteristic of hypothyroidism; hyperthyroidism often causes increased bowel movements or diarrhea.