A parent calls a clinic and reports to a nurse that his 2-month-old infant is hungry more than usual but is projectile vomiting immediately after eating. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
Give your infant an oral rehydration solution.
Bring your baby in to the clinic today.
Try switching to a different formula.
Burp your baby more frequently during feedings.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Giving an oral rehydration solution is not appropriate without first assessing the infant. Projectile vomiting in a 2-month-old could indicate a serious condition such as pyloric stenosis, which requires medical evaluation.
Choice B rationale
Bringing the baby to the clinic today is the appropriate response. Projectile vomiting in an infant can be a sign of a serious condition that requires prompt medical evaluation and treatment.
Choice C rationale
Switching to a different formula is not appropriate without first assessing the infant. Projectile vomiting could indicate a serious condition that needs to be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
Choice D rationale
Burping the baby more frequently during feedings may help with minor feeding issues, but it is not appropriate advice for projectile vomiting. The infant needs to be evaluated by a healthcare provider to determine the cause of the vomiting.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Turning the child’s head to the side and pressing on the nasal ridge is not the recommended method for managing nosebleeds. This position can cause blood to flow into the throat, leading to swallowing blood and potential vomiting.
Choice B rationale
Sitting the child upright and leaning slightly forward while applying pressure to the sides of the nose is the correct method. This position helps prevent blood from flowing into the throat and allows it to clot more effectively.
Choice C rationale
Having the child lie flat and apply pressure to the cheeks is not effective for stopping a nosebleed. This position can cause blood to flow into the throat, leading to swallowing blood and potential vomiting.
Choice D rationale
Putting the child in bed, elevating the head slightly, and pressing on the forehead is not effective for stopping a nosebleed. The pressure needs to be applied directly to the soft part of the nose to control the bleeding.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Offering clear liquids for the first 24 hours is not necessary after a cardiac catheterization. The child can resume a normal diet as tolerated unless otherwise instructed by the healthcare provider. Clear liquids are typically recommended after procedures involving the gastrointestinal tract to prevent nausea and vomiting, but this is not the case here.
Choice B rationale
Keeping the child home for a week is not required. The child can usually return to normal activities within a day or two, depending on the healthcare provider’s instructions. Prolonged rest is not necessary unless there are complications or specific instructions from the healthcare provider.
Choice C rationale
Acetaminophen is recommended for discomfort because it is effective in managing mild to moderate pain and has a low risk of side effects. It is important to avoid medications that can increase bleeding risk, such as aspirin or ibuprofen, especially after a procedure like cardiac catheterization.
Choice D rationale
Assisting the child to take a tub bath for the first 3 days is not recommended. It is generally advised to avoid submerging the catheter insertion site in water to prevent infection. Sponge baths are usually recommended until the site has healed.