A parent asks the nurse why the newborn is getting a vitamin K injection in the birth room.
The nurse explains that the injection is necessary because:
Newborns are prone to hypoglycemia, and vitamin K helps maintain a steady blood glucose level.
Vitamin K is needed for coagulation, and the newborn does not produce enough vitamin K.
The birthing parent was febrile at the time of birth and prophylactic vitamin K is necessary.
Newborns have deficient levels of prothrombin.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Vitamin K has no role in stabilizing blood glucose levels; hypoglycemia in newborns is managed differently.
Choice B rationale
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, and newborns typically have low stores at birth, necessitating supplementation to prevent bleeding disorders.
Choice C rationale
There is no established link between maternal fever and the need for vitamin K; prophylaxis is standard for all newborns regardless of maternal health.
Choice D rationale
Newborns do not have sufficient prothrombin or other clotting factors, which is why vitamin K administration is critical.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
AAP guidelines recommend rear-facing car seats for children under 24 months due to superior protection in a collision.
Choice B rationale
The chest buckle should be at armpit level to prevent injury in case of a crash.
Choice C rationale
Switching to a forward-facing car seat at 12 months contradicts safety recommendations; the child should remain rear-facing until at least 2 years old.
Choice D rationale
Car seats should always be placed in the back seat to minimize risk from front airbags during collisions.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The Industry vs. Inferiority stage, according to Erikson, occurs from age 6 to puberty, where children focus on learning, developing skills, and striving for competence. A 20-month-old
child is not yet in this stage.
Choice B rationale
The Trust vs. Mistrust stage is the earliest stage in Erikson's theory, occurring from birth to about 18 months. While a 20-month-old child has recently transitioned out of this stage, it
is not the stage applicable to their current developmental phase.
Choice C rationale
The Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage occurs from approximately 18 months to 3 years. At 20 months, children are striving for independence, making choices, and developing a
sense of self-control, which is characteristic of this stage.
Choice D rationale
The Initiative vs. Guilt stage occurs from ages 3 to 6 years, where children begin to assert power and control through directing play and other social interactions. A 20-month-old child
is not in this stage yet.