A parent asks the nurse why the newborn is getting a vitamin K injection in the birth room.
The nurse explains that the injection is necessary because:
Newborns are prone to hypoglycemia, and vitamin K helps maintain a steady blood glucose level.
Vitamin K is needed for coagulation, and the newborn does not produce enough vitamin K.
The birthing parent was febrile at the time of birth and prophylactic vitamin K is necessary.
Newborns have deficient levels of prothrombin.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Vitamin K has no role in stabilizing blood glucose levels; hypoglycemia in newborns is managed differently.
Choice B rationale
Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, and newborns typically have low stores at birth, necessitating supplementation to prevent bleeding disorders.
Choice C rationale
There is no established link between maternal fever and the need for vitamin K; prophylaxis is standard for all newborns regardless of maternal health.
Choice D rationale
Newborns do not have sufficient prothrombin or other clotting factors, which is why vitamin K administration is critical.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Preterm newborns have underdeveloped mechanisms for thermoregulation, making it difficult for them to maintain stable body temperatures without external assistance.
Choice B rationale
Preterm newborns do not sweat significantly because their sweat glands are not fully developed; thus, this rationale is incorrect.
Choice C rationale
Preterm newborns actually have a larger body surface area relative to their weight, contributing to their difficulty in maintaining body temperature.
Choice D rationale
Preterm newborns have insufficient brown fat, not an excess, which impairs their ability to generate heat effectively.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Serving food in small, halved, or quartered pieces can help prevent choking, which is a significant concern for infants and young children who are still developing their chewing and swallowing skills.
Choice B rationale
Ensuring the mattress fits snugly against the sides of the crib prevents the infant from getting trapped between the mattress and the crib sides, reducing the risk of suffocation or injury.
Choice C rationale
Child-proof locks on cabinet doors prevent infants from accessing hazardous substances or dangerous objects that could cause harm. This is a crucial aspect of home safety for young children.
Choice D rationale
Setting the water heater at 65°C (149°F) is not recommended because it is too hot and can cause burns. The water heater should be set at a maximum of 48°C (118°F) to prevent scalding injuries.
Choice E rationale
Never leaving a child unattended during bath time is essential to prevent drowning, which can occur quickly and silently. Close supervision is necessary to ensure the child’s safety in the water. .