A nurse teaches a patient about atelectasis. Which statement by the patient indicates an understanding of atelectasis?
"Atelectasis affects only those with chronic conditions such as emphysema."
"Hyperventilation will open up my alveoli, preventing atelectasis."
"It is important to do breathing exercises every hour to prevent atelectasis."
"If I develop atelectasis, I will need a chest tube to drain excess fluid."
The Correct Answer is C
A. Atelectasis can occur in anyone, not just those with chronic conditions; this statement is incorrect.
B. While hyperventilation may temporarily open alveoli, it is not a preventative measure for atelectasis.
C. Breathing exercises, such as incentive spirometry or deep breathing, are effective in preventing atelectasis by promoting lung expansion and alveolar ventilation.
D. A chest tube is typically used to remove air or fluid from the pleural space, not for the treatment of atelectasis, which is often managed with respiratory therapies.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. This observation indicates proper body alignment as the arms hanging comfortably at the sides suggest relaxation and good posture.
B. The edge of the seat should not be in contact with the popliteal space; there should be a small gap to prevent pressure and improve circulation.
C. While the feet should be supported on the floor, they should be flat rather than flexed at the ankles for optimal alignment.
D. The body weight should be distributed between the buttocks and thighs, not just on the buttocks, to promote comfort and good posture.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Increasing activity level may be unrealistic for a patient on strict bed rest due to a pelvic fracture.
B. Repositioning every 2 hours is a realistic and achievable goal for a patient on bed rest to prevent complications such as pressure ulcers and maintain circulation.
C. Using a walker for ambulation may not be feasible immediately after a pelvic fracture.
D. Transferring with a sliding board may not be safe or appropriate in the early stages post-injury, especially if bed rest is required.