A nurse on an antepartum unit is caring for a 28-year-old gravida 1 para 0 female client at 32 weeks of gestation.
Exhibit 1: History and Physical The client is 32 weeks pregnant and has been experiencing cramping and low back pain for the past 3 hours. She rates her pain as 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. She describes the pain as stronger than usual Braxton Hicks contractions and mentions having a little urinary leakage earlier in the day. She denies vaginal bleeding. The client decided to come in for evaluation at her doctor's advice.
Exhibit 2: Nurse's Notes 0900: The client reports cramping and low back pain started 3 hours ago. She rates the pain as 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. She feels the contractions are stronger than usual Braxton Hicks contractions. She mentions urinary leakage earlier today but denies any vaginal bleeding. The external fetal monitor shows contractions occurring every 5 minutes, lasting 30 seconds, and of moderate intensity. Fetal heart rate is 140/min. A vaginal exam reveals the cervix is closed and 80% effaced. No bleeding is noted, but there is clear mucus discharge on the exam glove.
Exhibit 3:
Vital Signs Heart rate: 80/min
Blood pressure: 120/80 mmHg
Respiratory rate: 18/min
Temperature: 36.8°C (98.2°F)
Oxygen saturation: 98%Exhibit 4:
Physical Examination Results
The client's abdomen is soft, non-tender, and the fundal height corresponds to the gestational age. No signs of vaginal bleeding are observed. Clear mucus discharge is noted on the exam glove. The cervix is closed and 80% effaced. The fetal heart rate is regular at 140/min. The client appears anxious but is in no acute distress. The fetal movements are felt and reported to be normal.
Complete the following sentence by using the list of options. The nurse should identify that _______ are findings that require follow-up.
Contractions every 5 minutes
Fetal heart rate of 140/min
Clear mucus discharge
Closed cervix
The Correct Answer is A
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Preterm Labor Risk: At 32 weeks of gestation, regular contractions every 5 minutes could indicate the onset of preterm labor. This is concerning because preterm labor can lead to preterm birth, which poses significant risks to the baby's health and development.
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Frequency and Intensity: These contractions are occurring frequently (every 5 minutes) and are described as stronger than usual Braxton Hicks contractions. This frequency and the strength of the contractions are unusual for Braxton Hicks, which are typically irregular and less intense.
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Effacement and Cervical Changes: Although the cervix is closed, it is 80% effaced. Effacement means the cervix is thinning, which, in combination with regular contractions, may indicate that the body is preparing for labor.
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Urinary Leakage: The client also reported urinary leakage earlier in the day, which could be a sign of ruptured membranes (water breaking). This, combined with regular contractions, increases the need for careful monitoring.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Wound infection usually presents with redness, warmth, and swelling, not just yellow exudate. The presence of yellow exudate alone typically does not indicate an infection.
Choice B rationale
Ulceration would involve the breakdown of skin or tissue, which is not indicated by the presence of yellow exudate. Ulcerations are more severe and painful than normal post-
circumcision healing.
Choice C rationale
Exposure to urine can cause irritation but does not typically result in yellow exudate. Proper diapering and cleaning prevent this irritation, and exudate is part of the healing process,
not a result of urine exposure.
Choice D rationale
Healing is indicated by the presence of yellow exudate, which is a normal part of the healing process post-circumcision. It signifies that the glans is recovering as expected. .
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A positive pregnancy test is a probable sign of pregnancy as it indicates the presence of hCG, a hormone produced during pregnancy. However, it is not a presumptive sign, as other
conditions can also result in elevated hCG levels.
Choice B rationale
Amenorrhea, or the absence of menstrual periods, is a presumptive sign of pregnancy. It is one of the earliest indications that a woman may be pregnant, though it can also be
caused by other factors such as stress or hormonal imbalances.
Choice C rationale
Fetal heart sounds detected by Doppler ultrasound are a positive sign of pregnancy, confirming the presence of a fetus. This is not a presumptive sign as it is direct evidence of
pregnancy.
Choice D rationale
Chadwick's sign, a bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia due to increased blood flow, is considered a probable sign of pregnancy. It is not a presumptive sign but rather
a physical change that occurs during pregnancy. .