A nurse is working with a community at risk for flooding. The nurse is aware that identification of at-risk populations, education of the residents about evacuation routes, and emergency shelters is an example of what level of the National Response Framework?
Security phase
Mitigation phase
Response phase
Practice phase
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
The security phase is not a recognized phase in the National Response Framework. The framework focuses on preparedness, response, recovery, and mitigation phases. Security measures are integrated into these phases but are not a standalone phase.
Choice B reason:
The mitigation phase involves actions taken to reduce the impact of disasters before they occur. This includes identifying at-risk populations, educating residents about evacuation routes, and establishing emergency shelters. These proactive measures help minimize the potential damage and enhance community resilience.
Choice C reason:
The response phase involves actions taken during and immediately after a disaster to ensure safety and provide emergency assistance. While important, the activities described in the question are more aligned with mitigation efforts that occur before a disaster strikes.
Choice D reason:
The practice phase is not a recognized phase in the National Response Framework. However, preparedness activities, including drills and exercises, are part of the overall framework to ensure readiness for potential disasters.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis, can be exacerbated by air pollutants, including ozone. However, individuals with asthma are more severely affected by ozone exposure. Ozone can trigger asthma attacks and worsen symptoms, making it a more critical concern for those with asthma.
Choice B reason:
Mitral valve disease affects the heart’s mitral valve and can lead to symptoms such as shortness of breath and fatigue. While air pollution can impact cardiovascular health, ozone specifically poses a greater risk to individuals with respiratory conditions like asthma rather than those with mitral valve disease.
Choice C reason:
Nasal polyps are noncancerous growths in the nasal passages or sinuses that can cause breathing difficulties and chronic sinus infections. Although air pollutants can irritate the nasal passages, individuals with asthma are more vulnerable to the harmful effects of ozone, which can exacerbate their respiratory symptoms.
Choice D reason:
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to difficulty breathing. Ozone exposure can significantly worsen asthma symptoms, trigger asthma attacks, and reduce lung function. Therefore, individuals with asthma are especially vulnerable to the effects of ozone.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
“It’s not unusual to feel that way at first, but once you learn the routine, you’ll enjoy it.” While this response acknowledges the client’s feelings, it does not provide specific information about the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. The client needs to understand how rehabilitation can help them recover and improve their quality of life.
Choice B reason:
“Diet and exercise are good for you and good for your heart.” This statement is true but too general. It does not address the client’s specific concerns about the purpose and benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. The client needs more detailed information about how the program can help them.
Choice C reason:
“Cardiac rehabilitation cannot undo the damage to your heart but it can help you get back to your previous level of activity safely.” This response directly addresses the client’s concerns and provides clear information about the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. It explains that while the damage cannot be reversed, rehabilitation can help the client regain strength, improve cardiovascular health, and safely return to their daily activities.
Choice D reason:
“Your doctor is the expert here, and I’m sure they would only recommend what is best for you.” While this statement supports the doctor’s recommendation, it does not provide the client with specific information about the benefits of cardiac rehabilitation. The client needs to understand how the program can help them personally.