A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is to start using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx."
"The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs."
"Inhale rapidly using the spacer with the MDI."
"Cover exhalation slots of the spacer with lips when inhaling."
The Correct Answer is B
A. This statement is incorrect; the spacer does not primarily increase medication delivery to the oropharynx.
B. The spacer helps to increase the amount of medication that reaches the lungs by allowing larger particles to settle out and preventing them from being deposited in the mouth and throat.
C. Inhaling slowly and deeply is recommended for effective medication delivery when using an MDI with a spacer.
D. Covering the exhalation slots would prevent proper airflow and could cause the child to inhale exhaled air, which is not recommended during inhalation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. A child whose parents consistently answer questions on their behalf may indicate a lack of autonomy and could be a sign of potential abuse or neglect, as it may suggest the parents are controlling or overly involved.
B. A child who has frequent visitors does not inherently suggest abuse; in fact, it could indicate support and care from family or friends.
C. Frequent use of the call light could indicate a child's need for assistance or comfort but does not directly correlate with abuse.
D. A child with a BMI indicating obesity is not a definitive indicator of abuse; it may relate to dietary habits or lifestyle factors rather than abuse.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Visualizing the epiglottis with a tongue depressor is contraindicated in suspected epiglottitis due to the risk of triggering airway obstruction.
B. Transporting the child to radiology for a throat x-ray is not a priority and can delay necessary interventions.
C. Obtaining a throat culture is not appropriate in this situation, as airway compromise can occur quickly, and immediate management is crucial.
D. Placing the child in an upright position helps ease breathing and can alleviate distress, which is vital for a child with suspected epiglottitis.