A nurse is teaching the parents of a child who is to start using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI) to treat asthma. Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?
"The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the oropharynx."
"The spacer increases the amount of medication delivered to the lungs."
"Inhale rapidly using the spacer with the MDI."
"Cover exhalation slots of the spacer with lips when inhaling."
The Correct Answer is B
A. This statement is incorrect; the spacer does not primarily increase medication delivery to the oropharynx.
B. The spacer helps to increase the amount of medication that reaches the lungs by allowing larger particles to settle out and preventing them from being deposited in the mouth and throat.
C. Inhaling slowly and deeply is recommended for effective medication delivery when using an MDI with a spacer.
D. Covering the exhalation slots would prevent proper airflow and could cause the child to inhale exhaled air, which is not recommended during inhalation.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Cyanosis of the lips and tongue is not a typical finding in coarctation of the aorta; rather, it is more associated with cyanotic congenital heart defects.
B. Weak or absent femoral pulses are expected due to reduced blood flow to the lower body, as the coarctation typically occurs distal to the left subclavian artery.
C. Bounding pulses in the upper extremities are common because the blood flow to the upper body is increased, leading to stronger pulses.
D. High blood pressure in the lower extremities is not typical; instead, there is often lower blood pressure in the lower body due to the obstruction.
E. Poor feeding and irritability are common symptoms in infants with heart conditions, as they may be in distress or not getting enough blood flow to meet their metabolic needs.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Crushed ice is appropriate after a tonsillectomy as it can help soothe the throat and is a clear liquid that is easy for the child to swallow.
B. Cranberry juice is acidic, which can irritate the throat and is generally not recommended immediately after tonsillectomy.
C. Orange juice is also acidic and could cause discomfort to the healing throat tissues, making it unsuitable for post-operative care.
D. A vanilla milkshake may be too thick for the child to swallow comfortably after surgery and can pose a risk of choking.