A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Examine your feet carefully every day."
"Wear compression stockings daily."
"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."
"Have an eye examination once per year."
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Examining feet daily is important for preventing foot complications, such as ulcers, in diabetics but is not directly related to preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.
B. Wearing compression stockings is not specifically recommended for preventing retinopathy or nephropathy in diabetes.
C. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is crucial for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Good glycemic control minimizes the damage to blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys.
D. While regular eye exams are important for detecting retinopathy early, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is key to preventing the development of complications in the first place.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Applying antibiotic ointment is not appropriate for this situation as the issue is likely compromised blood flow, not infection.
B. Checking oxygen saturation is not related to the color change of the stoma.
C. Switching to non-latex supplies is important for clients with latex allergies but is not relevant to the immediate problem.
D. A dark red to bluish color of the stoma suggests compromised blood flow and possible ischemia, which requires immediate medical attention. The nurse should notify the healthcare provider immediately to address this potentially serious complication.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Avoiding pain-causing activities would not address the problem of activity intolerance, nor would it promote recovery.
B. The goal is for the client to ambulate with minimal or no discomfort, which would indicate successful pain management and adherence to the postoperative plan.
C. Incision healing is important but does not directly relate to the problem of activity intolerance due to pain.
D. Taking analgesics as prescribed is a component of managing pain, but the outcome should focus on the result of this intervention, which is pain-free ambulation.