A nurse is teaching an older adult client who has diabetes mellitus about preventing the long-term complications of retinopathy and nephropathy. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?
"Examine your feet carefully every day."
"Wear compression stockings daily."
"Maintain stable blood glucose levels."
"Have an eye examination once per year."
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Examining feet daily is important for preventing foot complications, such as ulcers, in diabetics but is not directly related to preventing retinopathy and nephropathy.
B. Wearing compression stockings is not specifically recommended for preventing retinopathy or nephropathy in diabetes.
C. Maintaining stable blood glucose levels is crucial for preventing or slowing the progression of diabetic complications such as retinopathy and nephropathy. Good glycemic control minimizes the damage to blood vessels in the eyes and kidneys.
D. While regular eye exams are important for detecting retinopathy early, maintaining stable blood glucose levels is key to preventing the development of complications in the first place.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Palpating muscle tone is important but should be done in conjunction with resistance testing to assess strength.
B. Asking the client to close his eyes is not necessary for assessing muscle strength.
C. Applying resistance while the client extends and flexes his arms helps evaluate the muscle strength and function accurately.
D. Providing an object to hold is not relevant for assessing muscle strength in this context.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Spasms of the neck and back can be symptoms of acute dystonia, a side effect of antipsychotic medications like chlorpromazine. Anticholinergic drugs such as benztropine mesylate can help manage these symptoms.
B. Spasms are not an expected side effect of chlorpromazine and require intervention rather than acceptance.
C. Refusing to administer chlorpromazine without consulting the healthcare provider may be premature; the priority is to address the symptoms.
D. Decreasing the dose and notifying the healthcare provider may be necessary, but first, it’s essential to determine if anticholinergic medication is required to address the acute symptoms.