A nurse is teaching about the risk factors of developing a stroke with a group of older adult clients. Which nonmodifiable risk factors should the nurse include in the teaching?
Obesity
Race
History of smoking
History of hypertension
The Correct Answer is B
A. Obesity is a modifiable risk factor, as it can be addressed through lifestyle changes such as diet and exercise.
B. Race is a nonmodifiable risk factor; certain races may have a higher risk of stroke due to genetic and environmental factors.
C. History of smoking is a modifiable risk factor because individuals can choose to quit smoking to reduce their risk of stroke.
D. History of hypertension is also a modifiable risk factor; while having high blood pressure increases the risk of stroke, it can be managed with lifestyle changes and medications.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Providing a safe and comfortable environment and applying critical thinking involves both objective and subjective data collection, not just one type.
B. While family members can contribute to patient care, the professional responsibilities of providing a safe environment and critical thinking in assessments fall to trained healthcare providers.
C. This process encompasses both subjective and objective data, as critical thinking requires integrating multiple types of information.
D. The actions described are essential professional responsibilities of trained healthcare providers, who must ensure a safe environment, apply critical thinking, and identify patient cues effectively.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Respiratory acidosis: The pH is low (indicating acidosis), and the Paco₂ is elevated, which signifies that carbon dioxide retention is causing the acidosis. This pattern indicates respiratory acidosis, as the elevated HCO₃ suggests a compensatory response.
B. Respiratory alkalosis: Respiratory alkalosis would show a high pH with a low Paco₂. This is not consistent with the client’s lab results.
C. Metabolic acidosis: Metabolic acidosis would show a low pH with a low HCO₃. In this case, the HCO₃ is slightly elevated, ruling out metabolic acidosis.
D. Metabolic alkalosis: Metabolic alkalosis would show a high pH with an elevated HCO₃, which does not match the client’s results.