A nurse is teaching a patient newly diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease about the pathophysiology of the condition. Which of the following explanations best describes the underlying cause of Parkinson's disease?
Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance
Degeneration of dopamine producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction
A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline.
Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Inflammation of the motor cortex leads to decreased coordination and balance. Parkinson’s disease is not caused by inflammation in the motor cortex; it primarily involves the loss of dopamine-producing neurons.
B. Degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra of the brain leads to motor dysfunction. Parkinson’s disease is caused by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra, leading to motor symptoms such as tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia.
C. A loss of acetylcholine in the brain leads to memory problems and cognitive decline. While a loss of acetylcholine is associated with Alzheimer’s disease, it is not the primary issue in Parkinson’s disease.
D. Excess production of dopamine in the basal ganglia leads to tremors and muscle rigidity. In Parkinson’s disease, there is a decrease, not an excess, in dopamine production, which contributes to motor symptoms.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Influenza: Influenza typically presents with a high fever, muscle aches, and fatigue, which are not present in this case.
B. Strep Throat: Strep throat usually presents with a sore throat, high fever, and swollen lymph nodes, not nasal congestion or watery eyes.
C. Rhinitis: Rhinitis, particularly allergic rhinitis, causes symptoms such as sneezing, nasal congestion, watery eyes, and malaise without fever, making it the most likely diagnosis.
D. Bacterial Pharyngitis: Bacterial pharyngitis often presents with a sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph nodes, but typically does not include nasal congestion or watery eyes.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Family history. Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor for heart disease, as it is genetic and cannot be changed.
B. Smoking. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor. Quitting smoking can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease.
C. Sedentary Lifestyle. Physical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor. Increasing activity levels can help lower the risk of heart disease.
D. Diabetes. While diabetes itself may be a chronic condition, managing blood sugar through diet, medication, and lifestyle changes can reduce heart disease risk.
E. Hypertension. Hypertension is a modifiable risk factor. Controlling blood pressure through medication, diet, and exercise can reduce heart disease risk.