A nurse is teaching a newly licensed nurse about physiological changes in the digestive system that occur with aging.
The nurse should include older adults might experience which of the following physiological changes?
Increased muscle tone of the bowel.
Increased gastric acid production.
Decreased pH of the stomach.
Decreased intestinal peristalsis.
The Correct Answer is D
Choice A rationale
Aging usually leads to a decrease in muscle tone of the bowel rather than an increase, which can result in slower bowel movements and constipation.
Choice B rationale
Gastric acid production tends to decrease with age, not increase. This can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also increase the risk of stomach infections.
Choice C rationale
The pH of the stomach tends to become less acidic (increase) as one ages, not decrease. This is often due to the reduced production of gastric acid.
Choice D rationale
Decreased intestinal peristalsis is a common physiological change in older adults. This slowing down of the intestinal movements can lead to constipation and other digestive issues.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Neobladder urinary diversion involves creating an internal reservoir or pouch from a segment of the intestine to store urine. This new bladder is then connected to the urethra,
enabling the client to void through the urethra. This method closely mimics natural urination, allowing the client to have some control over urination.
Choice B rationale
This is incorrect because a neobladder is designed to allow the client to control urination. While there might be a learning curve for the client to adapt to the new bladder, the ultimate
goal is to achieve continence.
Choice C rationale
This describes an ileal conduit, another type of urinary diversion, where a stoma is created on the abdomen for urine to pass into an external bag. The neobladder does not involve a
stoma for urination.
Choice D rationale
This is incorrect as it pertains to an ileal conduit or urostomy. Clients with a neobladder do not require an external collection bag since urine is stored internally in the constructed
bladder and can be passed through the urethra. .
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Toxic levels refer to concentrations of a medication that are high enough to cause harmful effects or poisoning. This is not related to the lowest serum concentration.
Choice B rationale
Peak levels are the highest concentration of a medication in the bloodstream after administration. This occurs after the drug is absorbed and distributed.
Choice C rationale
Trough levels occur when the medication is at its lowest concentration in the bloodstream, typically just before the next dose is due. Monitoring trough levels helps ensure therapeutic effectiveness while avoiding toxicity.
Choice D rationale
Half-life refers to the time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the bloodstream to decrease by half. It is not directly related to the lowest serum concentration at a specific point in time.