A nurse is teaching a new group of assistive personnel (AP) about the importance of hand hygiene. Which of the following statements should the nurse include?
"Use an alcohol rub when your hands are visibly soiled."
"Rub all surfaces of your hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds."
"If you wear gloves, you do not have to wash your hands."
"If you don't have an infection, your hands won't infect others."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Using an alcohol rub when hands are visibly soiled is incorrect; hands should be washed with soap and water in such cases.
B. Rubbing all surfaces of the hands with an alcohol rub for 20 to 30 seconds is an appropriate practice for effective hand hygiene when hands are not visibly soiled, ensuring thorough coverage of all hand surfaces.
C. Gloves are not a substitute for hand hygiene; hands should be washed before putting on gloves and after removing them to prevent contamination.
D. Even if an individual does not have an infection, they can still carry pathogens on their hands that may infect others, highlighting the necessity of proper hand hygiene.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Urinary retention typically presents with difficulty urinating, rather than changes in urine color or odor.
B. Dark amber, cloudy urine with an unpleasant odor is indicative of a urinary tract infection (UTI). The cloudiness suggests the presence of bacteria or pus, while the dark color and odor are common signs of infection.
C. Urinary incontinence is characterized by the involuntary loss of urine, not changes in the characteristics of urine.
D. Urinary frequency refers to the need to urinate more often, which does not directly relate to the appearance or odor of the urine.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Applying petroleum jelly to the client's lips after oral care helps to prevent dryness and cracking, especially important for immobile clients who may have decreased hydration.
B. A stiff toothbrush can cause damage to the gums and teeth; a soft-bristled toothbrush is preferable for gentle cleaning.
C. Using the thumb and index finger to keep the client's mouth open can cause discomfort; a tongue blade or a mouth prop may be a better option if needed.
D. While turning the client on their side can help if there is a risk of aspiration, it is not always necessary for every oral care session and depends on the client's specific condition.