A nurse is teaching a health promotion class about preventing cancer. Which statement by a client indicates understanding of gastric cancer risk factors?
"I should switch from regular to decaffeinated coffee to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I should decrease eating salted, smoked, processed foods to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I need to decrease fiber from my diet to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I have been lactose-intolerant for many years, so I should have a yearly test for gastric cancer."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Switching from regular to decaffeinated coffee does not significantly impact gastric cancer risk. The main dietary risk factors include high intake of salted, smoked, and processed foods, not caffeine consumption.
B. Consuming large amounts of salted, smoked, and processed foods has been shown to increase the risk of gastric cancer. These foods contain nitrates and nitrites, which can be converted into cancer-causing compounds in the stomach.
C. High-fiber diets are generally protective against gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric cancer, rather than increasing the risk. A reduction in fiber intake could contribute to other gastrointestinal problems.
D. Lactose intolerance is not a known risk factor for gastric cancer. Regular testing for gastric cancer is not necessary for people who are lactose-intolerant unless they have additional risk factors, such as a family history of gastric cancer.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Using sunscreen while playing sports is an important measure to protect the skin from harmful UV radiation, which contributes to skin cancer; therefore, this statement indicates proper understanding.
B. Monthly self-examinations for suspicious lesions are recommended as part of early detection strategies for skin cancer, demonstrating a proactive approach to skin health.
C. Decreasing the use of a tanning bed to twice a month still poses a significant risk for skin damage and cancer, as tanning beds expose the skin to high levels of UV radiation. This statement indicates a lack of understanding of the dangers associated with artificial tanning.
D. Wearing a hat and sunglasses while in the sun is an effective strategy for minimizing sun exposure to sensitive areas, protecting the skin and eyes from UV rays, indicating proper sun safety practices.