A nurse is teaching a health promotion class about preventing cancer. Which statement by a client indicates understanding of gastric cancer risk factors?
"I should switch from regular to decaffeinated coffee to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I should decrease eating salted, smoked, processed foods to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I need to decrease fiber from my diet to reduce my risk of gastric cancer."
"I have been lactose-intolerant for many years, so I should have a yearly test for gastric cancer."
The Correct Answer is B
A. Switching from regular to decaffeinated coffee does not significantly impact gastric cancer risk. The main dietary risk factors include high intake of salted, smoked, and processed foods, not caffeine consumption.
B. Consuming large amounts of salted, smoked, and processed foods has been shown to increase the risk of gastric cancer. These foods contain nitrates and nitrites, which can be converted into cancer-causing compounds in the stomach.
C. High-fiber diets are generally protective against gastrointestinal cancers, including gastric cancer, rather than increasing the risk. A reduction in fiber intake could contribute to other gastrointestinal problems.
D. Lactose intolerance is not a known risk factor for gastric cancer. Regular testing for gastric cancer is not necessary for people who are lactose-intolerant unless they have additional risk factors, such as a family history of gastric cancer.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. While a diet of soft foods and liquid protein may be beneficial for a client undergoing chemotherapy, it is not the most critical intervention related to thrombocytopenia. Nutritional needs can be managed but do not address the immediate risk of bleeding or injury.
B. Teaching safety in the home to reduce injury and falls is the most important intervention. Clients with thrombocytopenia have a significantly increased risk of bleeding and bruising, making it essential to prevent falls and injuries that could lead to serious complications.
C. Spacing activities throughout the day can help manage fatigue, but it is not as urgent as ensuring the client is safe from injuries related to low platelet counts.
D. Frequent hand hygiene is important to prevent infections, especially in immunocompromised patients, but it does not directly address the primary concern of preventing injuries related to thrombocytopenia.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Stage IV pancreatic cancer often leads to bile duct obstruction, causing decreased bile flow into the intestines. This results in clay-colored stools due to the absence of bile pigments.
B. Hematuria, or blood in the urine, is not a common symptom of pancreatic cancer, even in advanced stages. It is more associated with conditions affecting the urinary system.
C. Jaundice causes dark, concentrated urine rather than pale, dilute urine due to the accumulation of bilirubin in the bloodstream, which is excreted through the kidneys.
D. Weight loss, rather than weight gain, is a common manifestation in clients with advanced pancreatic cancer due to malabsorption and cachexia.