A nurse is teaching a group of nurses about the administration of nitroglycerin. Which of the following routes of administration has the most rapid onset for the client?
Topical ointment
Sublingual
Transdermal patch
Sustained-release
The Correct Answer is B
A. Topical ointment has a slower onset as it must be absorbed through the skin before it can exert its effects.
B. Sublingual nitroglycerin provides rapid relief of angina symptoms because it is absorbed quickly into the bloodstream through the mucous membranes in the mouth, allowing for an immediate effect.
C. Transdermal patches release nitroglycerin slowly over time, leading to a delayed onset of action.
D. Sustained-release formulations are designed for prolonged effects rather than rapid onset, making them slower to take effect compared to sublingual administration.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that can be used for hypertension and edema but is not specifically indicated for open-angle glaucoma.
B. Furosemide is a loop diuretic used primarily for fluid overload conditions and does not have a specific role in the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
C. Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that reduces aqueous humor production and is specifically used to lower intraocular pressure in clients with open-angle glaucoma.
D. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic used mainly for conditions like heart failure and hypertension, and it is not indicated for the treatment of open-angle glaucoma.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. While hormonal contraceptives can affect blood pressure, the risk of significant hypertension is less immediate than thromboembolism.
B. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding can occur but is generally not as serious as thromboembolism and may resolve with continued use.
C. Combination birth control pills increase the risk of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, making it essential to monitor for signs of these complications.
D. Osteoporosis is a long-term concern but is not an acute effect of combination birth control pills; monitoring for thromboembolism is more critical.