A nurse is teaching a client who is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for HIV which includes zidovudine. The nurse should include teaching regarding which black box warning associated with this medication?
lactic acidosis
Uterine cancer
oral candidiasis
thromboembolic events
The Correct Answer is A
A. Lactic acidosis: Zidovudine has a black box warning for lactic acidosis, a rare but serious complication that can be life-threatening. The nurse should educate the client about symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as muscle pain and weakness.
B. Uterine Cancer: Zidovudine is not associated with uterine cancer.
C. Oral Candidiasis: This is not a black box warning for zidovudine, though oral candidiasis can occur in immunocompromised clients.
D. Thromboembolic Events: This is not a known black box warning for zidovudine.
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Correct Answer is ["A","C"]
Explanation
A. Fluoroquinolones: Fluoroquinolones, such as ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin, are known to have the potential to prolong the QT interval, increasing the risk of arrhythmias like Torsades de Pointes.
B. Penicillins: Penicillins do not typically cause QT prolongation. Their adverse effects are more likely to include allergic reactions or gastrointestinal disturbances.
C. Macrolides: Macrolides, such as azithromycin and erythromycin, are associated with QT interval prolongation and an increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias.
D. Beta-Lactams: Beta-lactams, which include penicillins and cephalosporins, are not commonly associated with QT prolongation. They are more likely to cause allergic reactions.
E. Cephalosporins: Cephalosporins are not typically associated with QT prolongation. They share a similar beta-lactam structure to penicillins.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Uterine cancer: No known contraindications exist between this condition and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
B. Client taking captopril for hypertension: Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim can increase potassium levels, and captopril (an ACE inhibitor) also raises potassium levels. Using these drugs together increases the risk of hyperkalemia, a dangerous condition.
C. Osteoporosis: This condition does not contraindicate the use of sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.
D. Multiple Sclerosis: No known contraindications exist for this condition with sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim.