A nurse is teaching a client who has diabetes mellitus and a new prescription for glimepiride. The nurse should teach the client to avoid which of the following drinks while taking this medication?
Coffee
Milk
Alcohol
Grapefruit juice
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Coffee does not interact with glimepiride.
B. Milk is not contraindicated with glimepiride.
C. Alcohol should be avoided while taking glimepiride, as it can potentiate the hypoglycemic effects of the medication and may increase the risk of a severe drop in blood sugar levels.
D. Grapefruit juice is not known to have a significant interaction with glimepiride.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","E"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A decreased level of consciousness is a common symptom of ARF due to hypoxemia, which reduces oxygen delivery to the brain, leading to confusion, agitation, or lethargy.
B. Hypercarbia, or elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood, occurs due to impaired gas exchange in ARF, which leads to respiratory acidosis.
C. Severe dyspnea, or difficulty breathing, is a hallmark symptom of ARF as the lungs fail to maintain adequate oxygenation or ventilation.
D. Nausea is not a typical manifestation of ARF; while it may occur due to other factors, it is not directly associated with respiratory failure.
E. Tachycardia, or an increased heart rate, is often seen in ARF as the body attempts to compensate for hypoxemia by increasing cardiac output to deliver more oxygen to tissues.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Flank pain alone is not a contraindication for a kidney biopsy, although it may be a symptom that necessitates the biopsy to determine the cause of kidney issues.
B. An elevated creatinine level indicates impaired kidney function but is not a contraindication for a kidney biopsy; in fact, it may be a reason to perform the biopsy.
C. A coagulation disorder is a contraindication for a kidney biopsy because it increases the risk of bleeding during and after the procedure. It is crucial to ensure that coagulation parameters are within a safe range before performing this invasive test.
D. Urinary retention does not contraindicate a kidney biopsy, although it may need to be addressed separately.