A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Resuming sexual intercourse in 2 to 3 weeks may not be appropriate for all patients after such a major surgery. The recovery time can vary based on individual factors, including the extent of the surgery and the patient's overall health. It's essential for patients to follow their healthcare provider's specific recommendations, which typically involve waiting until after the postoperative check-up, usually around 6 weeks, to ensure proper healing.
Choice B reason:
Increased vaginal drainage typically occurring 5 days following surgery could be a sign of infection or other complications. Normal postoperative discharge should gradually decrease over time. If a patient experiences increased drainage, especially if it's foul-smelling or accompanied by fever, they should contact their healthcare provider immediately.
Choice C reason:
After a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, patients may experience vaginal dryness due to decreased estrogen levels. Using artificial lubricants can help alleviate symptoms of itching and dryness, making this an appropriate instruction for postoperative care.
Choice D reason:
A Papanicolaou (Pap) test is not typically required every 6 months after a total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for uterine cancer unless the surgery was performed as treatment for cervical cancer or serious pre-cancer. For those who had the procedure due to benign conditions, further Pap tests are generally not necessary.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Hemodialysis does not typically result in a significant decrease in RBC count. While there can be a minimal loss of red blood cells during the process, it is not the primary focus of the treatment. The main purpose of hemodialysis is to remove waste products and excess fluid from the blood when the kidneys are not functioning properly.
Choice B reason:
Calcium levels may vary during hemodialysis, and the treatment can be adjusted to prevent significant changes in calcium levels. Hemodialysis can remove some calcium from the blood, but it is usually not the most affected value, and calcium can be added to the dialysate solution if necessary.
Choice C reason:
Potassium is one of the primary electrolytes removed during hemodialysis. High levels of potassium, which can be life-threatening, are commonly seen in clients with renal failure. Hemodialysis effectively reduces high potassium levels, which is crucial for preventing complications such as cardiac arrhythmias.
Choice D reason:
Protein levels are not directly targeted by hemodialysis, and significant protein loss is not a usual outcome of the treatment. The dialysis membrane is designed to allow smaller molecules like urea and potassium to pass through while retaining larger molecules like proteins.