A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Danazol is a synthetic steroid that is typically used to treat endometriosis and fibrocystic breast disease. It is not indicated for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and could potentially worsen symptoms due to its androgenic effects.
Choice B reason:
Methyltestosterone is an anabolic steroid with androgenic properties, similar to the male hormone testosterone. It is used to treat men with testosterone deficiency. However, it is not used for BPH treatment and, like danazol, could exacerbate BPH symptoms due to its androgenic activity.
Choice C reason:
Finasteride is a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor that is commonly prescribed for the treatment of BPH. It works by inhibiting the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone that contributes to prostate growth. By reducing DHT levels, finasteride can help shrink the prostate and alleviate urinary symptoms associated with BPH.
Choice D reason:
Fluoxymesterone is another anabolic steroid with testosterone-like effects. It is used to treat conditions associated with a deficiency or absence of endogenous testosterone. It is not suitable for BPH treatment and could potentially worsen the condition due to its androgenic properties.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Venous insufficiency can contribute to the development of chronic wounds, particularly in the lower extremities. It is characterized by the inability of the veins to adequately return blood from the legs back to the heart, which can lead to pooling of blood and increased pressure in the veins. This can cause skin changes and ulcers, particularly around the ankles.
Choice B reason:
Malnutrition is indeed a systemic cause of chronic wounds. Adequate nutrition is essential for wound healing, as it provides the necessary proteins, vitamins, and minerals that play a crucial role in the repair process. Protein-energy malnutrition, deficiencies in vitamins C and D, zinc, and other nutrients can impair wound healing and lead to chronic wounds.
Choice C reason:
Infection is typically a local rather than a systemic cause of chronic wounds. While systemic infections can affect wound healing, local wound infections are more directly responsible for delayed healing and the chronicity of wounds. Bacteria can colonize the wound and impede the healing process, leading to a chronic wound.
Choice D reason:
Continued pressure, much like infection, is generally a local cause of chronic wounds. It is most commonly associated with the development of pressure ulcers in individuals who are bedridden or have limited mobility. The constant pressure on certain areas of the body can lead to tissue ischemia and necrosis, resulting in a chronic wound.