A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is ["A","B","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The underarm area is an integral part of the breast tissue and should be included in a breast self-examination. Changes in this area can indicate lymphatic issues or breast changes that are concerning. It's important for the client to understand that the breast tissue extends into the underarm area and that they should feel for any changes in this region as well.
Choice B reason:
Pressing firmly is necessary to detect any changes within the breast tissue. Different levels of pressure can help identify abnormalities at various depths. The client should use light, medium, and firm pressure to explore all layers of breast tissue thoroughly.
Choice C reason:
While standing in the shower is one of the recommended positions for a breast self-examination, it is not the only position. The client should also perform the examination lying down, as this position spreads the breast tissue evenly over the chest, making it easier to feel all areas of the breast.
Choice D reason:
Any new firmness, especially if it's only on one side, could be a sign of a breast change that needs to be evaluated by a healthcare provider. Reporting such findings immediately is crucial for early detection of potential breast issues.
Choice E reason:
For menopausal women, it's recommended to perform a breast self-examination on the same day each month¹². Since they no longer have menstrual periods to guide the timing of the examination, choosing a consistent day each month ensures that the breast tissue is examined in the same condition each time, making it easier to notice any changes.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Thyroid hormones, particularly when taken in excess, can lead to bone loss and increase the risk of osteoporosis. This is because thyroid hormones can stimulate bone resorption, which is the process where bone tissue is broken down and the minerals are released into the bloodstream.
Choice B reason:
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are not typically associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis. While long-term use of NSAIDs can have various side effects, they do not directly contribute to bone density loss or osteoporosis.
Choice C reason:
Anticoagulants, such as warfarin, have been associated with an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. However, the evidence is not as strong as it is for other medications like corticosteroids or thyroid hormones.
Choice D reason:
Cardiac glycosides, used to treat heart conditions, have not been shown to be a direct risk factor for osteoporosis. While they affect heart muscle contractions, they do not have a known impact on bone metabolism.