A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A tingling sensation is not the primary concern when planning preoperative teaching for an amputation due to a severe gangrenous infection. While some patients may experience tingling due to nerve damage or as part of phantom limb sensation, the focus of preoperative teaching should be on managing pain and understanding the recovery process.
Choice B reason:
Telling a patient that their pain will gradually become less severe may be misleading. Post-amputation, patients often experience significant pain, including phantom limb pain, which can be intense and challenging to manage. Preoperative teaching should set realistic expectations about postoperative pain and its management.
Choice C reason:
Phantom pain is a real phenomenon experienced by many amputees, where they feel pain in the amputated limb as if it were still there. It is not merely psychological but has physiological underpinnings related to the nerves and brain's interpretation of signals. Preoperative teaching should include information about phantom limb pain, its potential occurrence, and strategies for managing it.
Choice D reason:
It is unrealistic to suggest that the pain will disappear soon after the amputation. Recovery from an amputation can be a lengthy process, and pain management is a critical component. Patients need to be prepared for the possibility of ongoing pain and the need for pain management strategies postoperatively.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A reason:
A reddened area over the sacrum is a sign of potential pressure ulcer development, which is a common complication of immobility, especially in bedridden or wheelchair-bound individuals. The sacrum is a prominent bony area that bears weight when a person is sitting or lying down, making it susceptible to pressure ulcers if proper preventative measures, such as regular repositioning, are not taken.
Choice B reason:
Difficulty hearing some types of sounds is not typically a direct complication of immobility. Hearing issues may be related to other health conditions or age-related changes but are not caused by the lack of movement associated with post-stroke immobility.
Choice C reason:
Stiffness in the lower extremities can occur due to immobility, as muscles and joints may become tight when not used regularly. However, this is more of a long-term effect and may not be as immediately concerning as pressure ulcer prevention. Regular range-of-motion exercises can help prevent stiffness.
Choice D reason:
Difficulty moving the upper extremities may be a result of the stroke itself rather than a complication of immobility. While maintaining mobility in all limbs is important, the focus of monitoring should be on complications that arise specifically due to immobility, such as pressure ulcers.