A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Polyuria, or excessive urination, is not typically a direct complication of a cervical spinal cord injury. Polyuria can be related to other conditions such as diabetes or the use of diuretics.
Choice B reason:
A weakened gag reflex can be a complication of a cervical spinal cord injury, especially if the injury affects the nerves that supply the muscles involved in swallowing. This can increase the risk of aspiration and requires careful monitoring.
Choice C reason:
Hypotension, or low blood pressure, is a common complication following a spinal cord injury due to the disruption of the autonomic pathways that control blood pressure. This condition, known as neurogenic shock, can occur in the acute phase following the injury.
Choice D reason:
Hyperthermia, or elevated body temperature, is not a common direct complication of a cervical spinal cord injury. However, the injury can disrupt temperature regulation, leading to difficulty in either staying warm or cooling down, depending on the environment and level of injury.
Choice E reason:
An absence of bowel sounds can indicate a complication of a cervical spinal cord injury, as the injury may disrupt the normal functioning of the bowel. This can lead to ileus or bowel obstruction, which requires prompt medical attention.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
While GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) can be exacerbated by hormone therapy due to its potential effect on the lower esophageal sphincter, it is not typically a contraindication for HT unless the GERD is severe and not well controlled with treatment.
Choice B reason:
A history of breast cancer is a contraindication for hormone therapy. Estrogen can stimulate the growth of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers, and therefore, HT is not recommended for individuals with a current or past history of breast cancer.
Choice C reason:
COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) is not a contraindication for HT. While patients with COPD may have other comorbidities that could affect the safety of HT, COPD alone does not preclude the use of hormone therapy.
Choice D reason:
Dermatitis, or inflammation of the skin, is not a contraindication for HT. Skin conditions are not typically affected by hormone therapy, and HT may sometimes be beneficial for skin health during menopause.