A nurse is teaching a client who has chronic kidney disease about limiting foods that are high in potassium. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid? (Select all that apply)
Raisins
Asparagus
Bananas
Tomatoes
Green Beans
Correct Answer : A,C,D
Choice A reason:
Raisins are dried grapes and are known to have a higher concentration of nutrients, including potassium. For individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD), consuming foods like raisins that are high in potassium can lead to hyperkalemia, a condition where potassium levels in the blood are higher than normal. This can be dangerous as it may cause heart rhythm problems.
Choice B reason:
Asparagus is considered a lower-potassium food, making it a safer choice for people with CKD. It's important for individuals with CKD to manage their potassium intake, but asparagus can be included in their diet in appropriate portions.
Choice C reason:
Bananas are well-known for being rich in potassium. For someone with CKD, eating bananas can contribute to an excessive intake of potassium, which their kidneys may not be able to eliminate efficiently, potentially leading to hyperkalemia.
Choice D reason:
Tomatoes, including tomato products like sauces, juices, and purees, are high in potassium. Therefore, they should be limited or avoided in the diet of a person with CKD to prevent complications associated with high potassium levels.
Choice E reason:
Green beans are considered to be a lower-potassium vegetable. They can be included in a kidney-friendly diet, provided they are consumed in moderation and balanced with other dietary needs.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Advising to avoid exercise during flare-ups of fibromyalgia can be beneficial. During flare-ups, symptoms such as muscle pain and fatigue are heightened, and rest may be necessary. However, gentle exercises like stretching or water aerobics might still be recommended to maintain muscle flexibility and strength.
Choice B reason:
Establishing a regular sleep pattern is crucial for managing fibromyalgia. Sleep disturbances are common in fibromyalgia, and poor sleep can exacerbate pain and fatigue. Good sleep hygiene, including a consistent sleep schedule and a comfortable sleep environment, can help improve sleep quality and overall symptom management.
Choice C reason:
While regular exercise is important in managing fibromyalgia, jogging or running may not be suitable for all individuals, especially during periods between flare-ups. Low-impact exercises are generally recommended to reduce stress on the joints and muscles.
Choice D reason:
There is no specific recommendation to increase calcium intake as a self-care strategy for fibromyalgia. While maintaining a balanced diet is important, there is no direct link between calcium intake and fibromyalgia symptom management.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D","E"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
Cold extremities are not a typical symptom associated with Paget's disease of the bone. This condition usually does not affect the temperature of the limbs directly.
Choice B reason:
Skeletal pain is a common symptom in Paget's disease due to the abnormal bone remodeling process. The affected bones may become painful, especially in the pelvis, spine, skull, and long bones.
Choice C reason:
Visual loss can occur if Paget's disease affects the skull, leading to increased pressure on the nerves associated with vision. This pressure can result in visual impairment or loss.
Choice D reason:
Cranial enlargement is a possible finding in Paget's disease when the skull is involved. The abnormal bone growth can cause the skull to increase in size.
Choice E reason:
An abnormal gait may develop if Paget's disease affects the legs, causing the bones to bow and leading to difficulty walking.