A nurse is teaching a client about foods and beverages that can cause diarrhea.
Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching?
White rice.
Caffeinated beverages.
Low-fiber cereal.
Ripe bananas.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
White rice is a low-fiber food that is usually recommended to help manage diarrhea, as it can help firm up stools.
Choice B rationale
Caffeinated beverages can increase intestinal motility and secretions, leading to diarrhea. They can also be irritating to the gastrointestinal tract.
Choice C rationale
Low-fiber cereals are less likely to cause diarrhea and are often recommended for those with diarrhea because they are easy to digest.
Choice D rationale
Ripe bananas are low in fiber and high in potassium, which is beneficial for those with diarrhea as they help in firming up the stool.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Aging usually leads to a decrease in muscle tone of the bowel rather than an increase, which can result in slower bowel movements and constipation.
Choice B rationale
Gastric acid production tends to decrease with age, not increase. This can affect the digestion and absorption of nutrients, and also increase the risk of stomach infections.
Choice C rationale
The pH of the stomach tends to become less acidic (increase) as one ages, not decrease. This is often due to the reduced production of gastric acid.
Choice D rationale
Decreased intestinal peristalsis is a common physiological change in older adults. This slowing down of the intestinal movements can lead to constipation and other digestive issues.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Returning the opened medication to the medication cart is inappropriate because once a medication is opened and refused by a client, it must be disposed of properly. This action helps maintain safety and prevents contamination.
Choice B rationale
Reporting the incident to the provider is not necessary in this context as the refusal to take medication can be managed by the nurse by following the facility's protocol.
Choice C rationale
Filling out an incident report is required because the client's refusal to take the medication is considered a significant event. Incident reports are used to document and analyze such events to improve patient care and safety.
Choice D rationale
Notifying the facility's ethics committee is unnecessary for a medication refusal incident, as it does not involve an ethical dilemma requiring their intervention.