A nurse is speaking with a newly licensed nurse who reports that they fear a client might be dangerous to others due to the client's diagnosis of schizophrenia. Which of the following types of stigma should the nurse identify as being associated with this fear?
Self
Institutional
Cultural
Public
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Self-stigma refers to the internalized negative beliefs a person may have about their own mental illness, not external fears about others.
B. Institutional stigma involves policies or practices within organizations that discriminate against those with mental illness, not individual fears.
C. Cultural stigma refers to societal attitudes and beliefs about mental illness within a specific culture, not individual fears about safety.
D. Public stigma involves widespread negative beliefs and stereotypes about mental illness, which can contribute to fears that individuals with schizophrenia are dangerous to others.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. An inverted P wave is not specifically associated with hypokalemia; it can be seen in various other conditions.
B. An elevated ST segment is not characteristic of hypokalemia; it is more associated with other conditions such as myocardial ischemia.
C. A wide QRS complex can occur with hypokalemia but is also seen in other conditions.
D. An abnormally prominent U wave is a classic sign of hypokalemia and can be seen in EKG changes associated with low potassium levels.
Correct Answer is ["C","E","F"]
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Defense mechanisms and coping strategies are not the same. Defense mechanisms are unconscious processes used to protect the individual from anxiety and internal conflicts, while coping strategies are conscious efforts to handle stress.
B. Defense mechanisms can be maladaptive and may not always help clients positively deal with stress. They can sometimes hinder adaptive functioning.
C. Defense mechanisms are indeed influenced by neurological and psychological growth. As individuals age, they develop more sophisticated and adaptive mechanisms.
D. Maladaptive defense mechanisms do not improve mental well-being; instead, they can often worsen mental health and impair functioning.
E. Adaptive defense mechanisms, such as sublimation and rationalization, help individuals manage stress more effectively and transform challenges into manageable situations.
F. Adaptive defense mechanisms are characteristic of more mature psychological functioning, reflecting a higher level of emotional resilience and coping.