A nurse is reviewing the medication record for a client who has chronic kidney disease. Which of the following medications should the nurse identify as having the potential to cause nephrotoxicity?
Ondansetron
Diphenhydramine
Gentamicin
Omeprazole
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Ondansetron is an antiemetic that does not typically cause nephrotoxicity and is generally safe for use in clients with chronic kidney disease.
B. Diphenhydramine is an antihistamine that does not have nephrotoxic effects and is commonly used for allergy symptoms or as a sleep aid.
C. Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that is known to be nephrotoxic, especially in clients with pre-existing kidney disease. It requires careful monitoring of kidney function and dosing adjustments to prevent kidney damage.
D. Omeprazole is a proton pump inhibitor used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and does not typically cause nephrotoxicity, although long-term use has been associated with an increased risk of chronic kidney disease.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Limiting walking episodes may reduce discomfort but does not address the underlying issue or potential complications.
B. While leg cramps can be common during pregnancy, calf pain could also indicate a more serious condition, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), and should not be dismissed as normal without further investigation.
C. Gathering further assessment data is crucial to determine the cause of the calf pain, as it may indicate DVT, a potentially life-threatening condition. The nurse should assess for other symptoms like swelling, redness, or warmth in the leg.
D. Instructing the client to elevate the legs may be appropriate for general discomfort, but without proper assessment, it may not be the correct intervention if DVT is present.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Auscultating for a bruit at the site of an AV graft is the most appropriate method to assess its patency. A bruit is a sound made by turbulent blood flow, indicating that the graft is functioning.
B. Measuring blood pressure in both arms does not specifically assess the patency of the graft and could potentially harm the graft if measured in the affected arm.
C. Auscultating the antecubital fossa using a Doppler is not a standard practice for assessing AV graft patency; instead, a stethoscope is used directly over the graft site.
D. Checking the brachial and radial pulses does not assess the graft directly. Although pulse presence is important, it does not provide information about the graft’s patency.