A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?
Vitamin D 25 ng/mL
Calcium 9.8 mg/dL
Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L
Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Vitamin D levels may be normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the expected range.
B. Calcium levels are expected to be low in hypoparathyroidism. A calcium level of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL), which is not consistent with hypoparathyroidism.
C. Magnesium levels are often normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the normal range.
D. Hypoparathyroidism results in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. A phosphate level of 5.7 mg/dL is elevated, which is consistent with this condition.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cushing’s syndrome usually causes hypertension, not hypotension, due to increased cortisol levels.
B. Weight gain, not weight loss, is a common finding in Cushing's syndrome due to fat redistribution (truncal obesity).
C. Hyperpigmentation is more associated with Addison's disease, not Cushing’s syndrome.
D. Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) can be a symptom of Cushing’s syndrome, caused by hormonal imbalances.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The classic symptoms of diabetes insipidus include polyuria (diuresis), which leads to dehydration and increased thirst as the body attempts to compensate for the fluid loss.
B. Stress incontinence, vomiting, and edema are not associated with diabetes insipidus; they are more relevant to other conditions.
C. Dizziness, hypertension, and excitability are not typical symptoms of DI and may indicate other medical conditions.
D. Bradycardia, insomnia, and muscle cramps are also not characteristic of diabetes insipidus and can be related to different health issues.