A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?
Vitamin D 25 ng/mL
Calcium 9.8 mg/dL
Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L
Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Vitamin D levels may be normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the expected range.
B. Calcium levels are expected to be low in hypoparathyroidism. A calcium level of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL), which is not consistent with hypoparathyroidism.
C. Magnesium levels are often normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the normal range.
D. Hypoparathyroidism results in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. A phosphate level of 5.7 mg/dL is elevated, which is consistent with this condition.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands, not shaken vigorously, to avoid bubbles and damage to the insulin.
B. The client should decrease insulin before exercise to prevent hypoglycemia, as physical activity lowers blood glucose levels.
C. Insulin should never be frozen; it should be stored in the refrigerator or at room temperature once opened.
D. The abdominal area is the preferred site for insulin injections because it allows for more consistent absorption of the medication.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Regular soda provides a fast-acting source of glucose, which is essential for quickly raising blood sugar levels in a hypoglycemic event.
B. While oral glucose tablets are a good option, they may not act as quickly as soda in this case, especially if not immediately available.
C. Milk contains lactose, which takes longer to convert into glucose and is not ideal for rapidly raising blood glucose levels.
D. Hard candy can work, but soda is often faster in delivering glucose.