A nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of a client who has hypoparathyroidism. The nurse should expect which of the following values?
Vitamin D 25 ng/mL
Calcium 9.8 mg/dL
Magnesium 1.8 mEq/L
Phosphate 5.7 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is D
Rationale:
A. Vitamin D levels may be normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the expected range.
B. Calcium levels are expected to be low in hypoparathyroidism. A calcium level of 9.8 mg/dL is within the normal range (8.5 to 10.5 mg/dL), which is not consistent with hypoparathyroidism.
C. Magnesium levels are often normal or low in hypoparathyroidism, but this value is within the normal range.
D. Hypoparathyroidism results in hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia due to insufficient parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. A phosphate level of 5.7 mg/dL is elevated, which is consistent with this condition.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. The classic symptoms of diabetes insipidus include polyuria (diuresis), which leads to dehydration and increased thirst as the body attempts to compensate for the fluid loss.
B. Stress incontinence, vomiting, and edema are not associated with diabetes insipidus; they are more relevant to other conditions.
C. Dizziness, hypertension, and excitability are not typical symptoms of DI and may indicate other medical conditions.
D. Bradycardia, insomnia, and muscle cramps are also not characteristic of diabetes insipidus and can be related to different health issues.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Decreasing sodium intake is crucial in Cushing's disease due to the risk of fluid retention and hypertension associated with excess cortisol levels.
B. Increasing calorie intake is not typically recommended; managing weight and controlling calorie intake is often necessary.
C. Limiting potassium-rich foods is not appropriate, as patients with Cushing's disease often require adequate potassium to balance the effects of increased sodium and cortisol.
D. A balanced diet with adequate protein is important; focusing solely on carbohydrates at the expense of protein is not advisable for nutritional health.