A nurse is reviewing the lab work of a client on a medical-surgical unit who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following laboratory values should the nurse identify as the priority to monitor?
Alanine aminotransferase
Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Potassium
Magnesium
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Monitoring alanine aminotransferase is important for liver function, but it is not the priority for a client on captopril.
B. Thyroid-stimulating hormone is not directly impacted by captopril and is not the priority lab value to monitor in this context.
C. Potassium is the priority laboratory value to monitor because captopril, an ACE inhibitor, can lead to hyperkalemia (elevated potassium levels), which can cause serious cardiac complications.
D. While magnesium levels are important to monitor, they are not specifically related to captopril therapy as potassium levels are.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Nitrates: Nitrates are primarily used to manage angina or heart conditions and are unrelated to acetazolamide or its potential for allergic reactions.
B. Sulfa-based medications: Acetazolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that contains sulfonamide groups. Clients with a sulfa allergy may experience a cross-sensitivity reaction, so it's important to confirm any history of sulfa allergies before administration.
C. Mostly cloudy: This option does not relate to any medication classification and is incorrect.
D. Antilipemic agents: Antilipemics are used to lower cholesterol and are not related to acetazolamide or its potential for allergic reactions.
E. Proton pump inhibitors: Proton pump inhibitors are used to reduce stomach acid and do not have a known cross-sensitivity with acetazolamide.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Nitrofurantoin can cause brown-colored urine due to its pigment, and clients should be informed to report this as a common side effect and not a cause for alarm.
B. Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic used to treat urinary tract infections and does not provide relief for peripheral nerve pain.
C. Nitrofurantoin should not be crushed, as it can affect the medication's absorption and effectiveness.
D. A cough is not a typical side effect of nitrofurantoin; however, if the client develops a cough, it could be a sign of a serious side effect, and they should notify the provider.