. A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).
Clear CSF
Cloudy CSF
Negative gram stain.
Decreased glucose content.
Positive gram stain.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Preschool children experience fear related to the disease process. While preschool children may fear pain or separation, this statement does not directly address their perception of death.
B. Preschool children understand death completely. Preschool children do not fully understand the permanence of death; this comprehension develops later.
C. Preschool children have no concept of death. Preschoolers have some concept of death but often see it as temporary or reversible.
D. Preschool children perceive death as temporary. Preschool-aged children often view death as temporary, like sleeping, due to their limited understanding of its finality.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Dropping held object: Loss of motor activity during absence seizures may result in dropping objects.
B. Loss of consciousness: Absence seizures involve brief, sudden loss of consciousness without convulsions.
C. Falling to the floor: This is associated with atonic or tonic-clonic seizures, not absence seizures.
D. Appearance of daydreaming: A hallmark of absence seizures is the "staring spell" or daydream-like appearance.