. A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).
Clear CSF
Cloudy CSF
Negative gram stain.
Decreased glucose content.
Positive gram stain.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Aura: An aura is a subjective sensation experienced before a seizure, such as a strange smell, taste, or visual change. It can provide clues about the seizure's origin in the brain, often linked to the temporal lobe.
B. Blood Pressure 90/60: Blood pressure is an objective, measurable sign, not subjective data reported by the child.
C. Oxygenation on room air 97%: Oxygenation levels are objective and do not provide information about seizure origin.
D. Temperature 38 degrees Celsius: Temperature is objective and does not help localize the seizure's origin in the brain.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. 20. Trisomy 20 is not associated with Down syndrome.
B. 21. Down syndrome results from an extra copy of chromosome 21, called Trisomy 21.
C. 22. Trisomy 22 leads to other syndromes but not Down syndrome.
D. 19. Trisomy 19 is incompatible with life and does not cause Down syndrome.