. A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).
Clear CSF
Cloudy CSF
Negative gram stain.
Decreased glucose content.
Positive gram stain.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Uncontrollable shaking of the body: This is a hallmark sign of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, characterized by jerking movements of the body.
B. Difficulty breathing and shortness of breath: Respiratory difficulties are not primary symptoms of seizures but may occur in severe cases.
C. Dizziness and lightheadedness: These symptoms are more indicative of conditions like vertigo or syncope, not seizures.
D. Rapid heart rate and chest pain: These are more characteristic of cardiac issues than seizures.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","D"]
Explanation
A. Dropping held object: Loss of motor activity during absence seizures may result in dropping objects.
B. Loss of consciousness: Absence seizures involve brief, sudden loss of consciousness without convulsions.
C. Falling to the floor: This is associated with atonic or tonic-clonic seizures, not absence seizures.
D. Appearance of daydreaming: A hallmark of absence seizures is the "staring spell" or daydream-like appearance.