. A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).
Clear CSF
Cloudy CSF
Negative gram stain.
Decreased glucose content.
Positive gram stain.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. "I know that my child will need to have a companion when swimming." This is a correct precaution to prevent drowning in case of a seizure.
B. "I will make my child wear a medical identification bracelet." This is correct to alert others in case of an emergency.
C. "I will need to give antiseizure medications when my child has a seizure." Antiseizure medications are typically administered as a preventive measure, not during a seizure. Emergency medications (e.g., rectal diazepam) may be used for prolonged seizures but are not routine for every seizure.
D. "I will have my child wear a bike helmet when riding a bike or skateboard." This is correct to protect the child from head injuries during activities.
Correct Answer is ["A","D"]
Explanation
A. Clear the area of hard objects: This prevents injury to the child during the seizure.
B. Place a tongue depressor in the child's mouth: This is contraindicated as it can cause injury to the oral cavity or obstruct the airway.
C. Place the child in prone position: This position is unsafe during a seizure and could compromise the airway. The lateral position is recommended to reduce aspiration risk.
D. Loosen restrictive clothing: Loosening clothing promotes easier breathing and comfort during the seizure.