. A nurse is reviewing the cerebral spinal fluid analysis for a group of clients who have suspected meningitis. Which of the following analysis findings would be consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis? (Select three answers that apply).
Clear CSF
Cloudy CSF
Negative gram stain.
Decreased glucose content.
Positive gram stain.
Correct Answer : B,D,E
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Insomnia: Infants with increased ICP are more likely to be lethargic than to have insomnia.
B. Positive Babinski reflex: A positive Babinski reflex is normal in infants under 2 years and does not indicate ICP.
C. Bulging fontanel: A bulging fontanel is a classic sign of increased ICP due to the accumulation of fluid or swelling inside the skull.
D. Low-pitched cry: Infants with ICP typically have a high-pitched cry, not a low-pitched one.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. 2 to 3 weeks: The incubation period for varicella is typically 10 to 21 days, or 2 to 3 weeks.
B. 7 to 10 days: This is shorter than the actual incubation period for varicella.
C. 3 to 4 weeks: This exceeds the typical maximum incubation period of 21 days.
D. 2 to 5 days: This is significantly shorter than the typical incubation period for varicella.