A nurse is reviewing the BUN and creatinine levels of an older adult patient with chronic kidney disease. The nurse should anticipate which of the following findings?
BUN 8 mg/dL and creatinine 0.7 mg/dL
BUN 45 mg/dL and creatinine 8 mg/dL
BUN 23 mg/dL and creatinine 1.0 mg/dL
BUN 10 mg/dL and creatinine 0.3 mg/dL
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A reason:
A BUN level of 8 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 0.7 mg/dL are within normal ranges for a healthy individual without kidney disease. In chronic kidney disease (CKD), we would expect these values to be elevated due to the kidneys' reduced ability to filter waste products from the blood.
Choice B reason:
A BUN level of 45 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 8 mg/dL are significantly higher than the normal range, which is consistent with impaired kidney function seen in CKD. These elevated levels indicate that the kidneys are not effectively filtering urea and creatinine from the blood, leading to their accumulation.
Choice C reason:
A BUN level of 23 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL could be seen in the early stages of CKD. While the creatinine level is within the normal range, the BUN level is slightly elevated, which may suggest a decline in kidney function.
Choice D reason:
A BUN level of 10 mg/dL and a creatinine level of 0.3 mg/dL are both below the normal range. This is an unlikely finding for a patient with CKD, as kidney impairment typically leads to increased levels of these substances in the blood.
Free Nursing Test Bank
- Free Pharmacology Quiz 1
- Free Medical-Surgical Quiz 2
- Free Fundamentals Quiz 3
- Free Maternal-Newborn Quiz 4
- Free Anatomy and Physiology Quiz 5
- Free Obstetrics and Pediatrics Quiz 6
- Free Fluid and Electrolytes Quiz 7
- Free Community Health Quiz 8
- Free Promoting Health across the Lifespan Quiz 9
- Free Multidimensional Care Quiz 10
View Related questions
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The statement "HIPAA is a federal law, not a state law" is correct. HIPAA is indeed a federal law that provides national standards to protect the privacy of personal health information.
Choice B reason:
The statement "HIPAA established regulations for individually identifiable health information in verbal, electronic, or written form" is also correct. HIPAA does regulate how individually identifiable health information should be protected and handled across various forms of communication.
Choice C reason:
The statement "Information about a client can be disclosed to family members at any time" indicates a need for further teaching. Under HIPAA, protected health information can only be disclosed to family members under certain conditions, such as when the patient has given permission or when it is directly relevant to the family member's involvement in the patient's care.
Choice D reason:
The statement "A client's address would be an example of personally identifiable information" is correct. Under HIPAA, a client's address is considered personally identifiable information, which is protected and cannot be disclosed without proper authorization.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A reason:
The statement "The client is Black" does not contribute to the risk of chlamydia based on race alone. Chlamydia infection rates are influenced by a variety of factors, including access to healthcare and socioeconomic status, rather than race itself.
Choice B reason:
Having multiple sexual partners significantly increases the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia because it raises the likelihood of exposure to an infected partner.
Choice C reason:
While being male is not a risk factor in itself, men who have sex with men (MSM) are at a higher risk for STIs like chlamydia due to biological and behavioral factors that facilitate transmission.
Choice D reason:
Engaging in sexual activities with men is a known risk factor for chlamydia among MSM due to the higher prevalence of this STI within this group.
Choice E reason:
The age of 37 does not specifically contribute to the risk of chlamydia. However, chlamydia is more commonly diagnosed in younger individuals, typically those under 25 years old, due to higher rates of new and multiple sexual partnerships.