A nurse is reviewing the ABG results of a client who has COPD. The results include a pH of 7.3 (7.35 to 7.45), PaO2 56 mm Hg (80 to 100 mm Hg), PaCO2 54 mm Hg (35 to 45 mm Hg), HCO3- 26 mEq/L (21 to 28 mEq/L), and SaO2 87%. Which of the following is the correct interpretation of these values?
Compensated metabolic acidosis
Compensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated respiratory acidosis
Uncompensated metabolic acidosis
The Correct Answer is C
Rationale:
A. Compensated metabolic acidosis would show a normal pH with a decrease in HCO3- and a decrease in PaCO2.
B. Compensated respiratory acidosis would show a normal pH with an elevated PaCO2 and a compensatory increase in HCO3-.
C. The low pH indicates acidosis, and the elevated PaCO2 suggests that it is respiratory in origin, with the HCO3- remaining normal, indicating no compensation has occurred yet.
D. Uncompensated metabolic acidosis would present with a low pH, low HCO3-, and normal PaCO2.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not nationally notifiable, though it can have significant effects, especially in pregnant women.
B. Foodborne botulism is a nationally notifiable condition due to its potential for widespread outbreaks and severe health consequences.
C. Erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease, is not a nationally notifiable disease, although it is recognized in clinical settings.
D. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is common and not considered a nationally notifiable infectious disease.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Muscle rigidity is not a typical manifestation of digoxin toxicity; it is more commonly associated with other conditions or medications.
B. Constipation can occur but is not a primary sign of digoxin toxicity.
C. Nausea is a common early sign of digoxin toxicity and should be included in the teaching. Other symptoms may include vomiting, visual disturbances, and confusion.
D. Wheezing is not associated with digoxin toxicity; it may suggest respiratory issues or an allergic reaction.