A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of caregivers about separation anxiety in the pediatric setting. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital.
Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety.
It results in prolonged issues of adaptability.
It is often observed in the school aged child.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital: Detachment can occur in other settings beyond the hospital. It is the final stage of separation anxiety and may manifest as a child appearing uninterested in caregivers, a coping mechanism to deal with prolonged separation.
B. Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety: Physical aggression, such as kicking or hitting, is a common behavior during separation anxiety, especially in younger children who cannot verbalize their emotions effectively.
C. It results in prolonged issues of adaptability: While separation anxiety may temporarily affect adaptability, most children overcome it as they grow. It does not inherently result in prolonged issues unless associated with other psychological conditions.
D. It is often observed in the school-aged child: Separation anxiety is most commonly observed in infants and toddlers (6 months to 3 years). By school age, children have typically developed coping mechanisms, though they may experience situational anxiety.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. Reduce environmental stimuli: While minimizing stimuli is important for comfort, it is not the priority in treating a life-threatening bacterial infection.
B. Document intake and output: Monitoring fluid status is essential but secondary to administering life-saving treatment.
C. Administer antibiotics when available: Bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. Administering antibiotics promptly can reduce mortality and prevent complications such as neurological damage.
D. Maintain seizure precautions: Seizure precautions are necessary but do not take precedence over starting antibiotics.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. CBC: A CBC can indicate infection (elevated white blood cell count), but it is not specific for meningitis.
B. Urinalysis: Urinalysis is not relevant for diagnosing meningitis.
C. CT scan: A CT scan can detect complications like increased intracranial pressure but does not diagnose meningitis directly.
D. Lumbar puncture: A lumbar puncture allows direct analysis of CSF for glucose, protein, white blood cells, and organisms, which is definitive for diagnosing meningitis.