A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of caregivers about separation anxiety in the pediatric setting. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital.
Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety.
It results in prolonged issues of adaptability.
It is often observed in the school aged child.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital: Detachment can occur in other settings beyond the hospital. It is the final stage of separation anxiety and may manifest as a child appearing uninterested in caregivers, a coping mechanism to deal with prolonged separation.
B. Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety: Physical aggression, such as kicking or hitting, is a common behavior during separation anxiety, especially in younger children who cannot verbalize their emotions effectively.
C. It results in prolonged issues of adaptability: While separation anxiety may temporarily affect adaptability, most children overcome it as they grow. It does not inherently result in prolonged issues unless associated with other psychological conditions.
D. It is often observed in the school-aged child: Separation anxiety is most commonly observed in infants and toddlers (6 months to 3 years). By school age, children have typically developed coping mechanisms, though they may experience situational anxiety.
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Correct Answer is ["B","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Clear CSF: Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis or normal findings, not bacterial meningitis.
B. Cloudy CSF: Cloudy CSF indicates the presence of infection and is characteristic of bacterial meningitis.
C. Negative gram stain: A negative gram stain indicates the absence of bacterial pathogens, which is not consistent with bacterial meningitis.
D. Decreased glucose content: Bacteria consume glucose, leading to decreased glucose levels in bacterial meningitis.
E. Positive gram stain: A positive gram stain confirms the presence of bacterial organisms in the CSF, supporting a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Aura: An aura is a subjective sensation experienced before a seizure, such as a strange smell, taste, or visual change. It can provide clues about the seizure's origin in the brain, often linked to the temporal lobe.
B. Blood Pressure 90/60: Blood pressure is an objective, measurable sign, not subjective data reported by the child.
C. Oxygenation on room air 97%: Oxygenation levels are objective and do not provide information about seizure origin.
D. Temperature 38 degrees Celsius: Temperature is objective and does not help localize the seizure's origin in the brain.