A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a group of caregivers about separation anxiety in the pediatric setting. Which of the following information should the nurse include?
Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital.
Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety.
It results in prolonged issues of adaptability.
It is often observed in the school aged child.
The Correct Answer is B
A. Detachment is the stage exhibited only in the hospital: Detachment can occur in other settings beyond the hospital. It is the final stage of separation anxiety and may manifest as a child appearing uninterested in caregivers, a coping mechanism to deal with prolonged separation.
B. Physical aggression such as kicking is an example of separation anxiety: Physical aggression, such as kicking or hitting, is a common behavior during separation anxiety, especially in younger children who cannot verbalize their emotions effectively.
C. It results in prolonged issues of adaptability: While separation anxiety may temporarily affect adaptability, most children overcome it as they grow. It does not inherently result in prolonged issues unless associated with other psychological conditions.
D. It is often observed in the school-aged child: Separation anxiety is most commonly observed in infants and toddlers (6 months to 3 years). By school age, children have typically developed coping mechanisms, though they may experience situational anxiety.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Decreased pressure and cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein level. Meningitis usually causes increased intracranial pressure, not decreased.
B. Clear cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose. Clear CSF is typically seen in viral meningitis, but bacterial meningitis more often causes cloudy CSF.
C. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a low protein and low glucose. While glucose is low in bacterial meningitis, protein is typically elevated due to the infection.
D. Cloudy cerebrospinal fluid with a high protein and low glucose levels. This finding is consistent with bacterial meningitis, where the CSF is cloudy, protein is elevated due to inflammation, and glucose is low because bacteria consume glucose.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. "Get the child tested for Reye's syndrome if the child exhibits fever, vomiting, and lethargy.": While these are symptoms of Reye's syndrome, prevention focuses on avoiding triggers like salicylates during viral illnesses, not merely recognizing symptoms.
B. "Use aspirin instead of acetaminophen for children with viral illness.": Aspirin increases the risk of Reye's syndrome in children with viral illnesses.
C. "Advise parents to have their children immunized against Reye's syndrome.": There is no vaccine for Reye's syndrome; prevention relies on avoiding salicylate use during viral infections.
D. "Avoid giving salicylate-containing medications to a child who has a viral syndrome.": Salicylates, such as aspirin, are the primary risk factor for Reye's syndrome, so avoidance is critical.