A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements from the client indicates to the nurse the teaching is effective?
“I will freeze unopened insulin vials.”.
“I should increase my insulin when I exercise.”.
“I should inject the insulin into my abdominal area.”.
“I will shake the insulin vial vigorously to mix.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Freezing unopened insulin vials is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until it is opened. Freezing insulin can cause it to lose its potency and effectiveness. Once opened, insulin vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days, but they should never be frozen.
Choice B rationale
Increasing insulin when exercising is incorrect. Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels, so clients with type 1 diabetes may need to decrease their insulin dose or consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after physical activity. It is important for clients to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and adjust their insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Choice C rationale
Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is correct. The abdominal area is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection because it has a large surface area and provides consistent absorption. Other recommended sites include the upper outer arms, thighs, and buttocks. Rotating injection sites within the same area helps prevent lipodystrophy and ensures better insulin absorption.
Choice D rationale
Shaking the insulin vial vigorously to mix is incorrect. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands to mix the contents. Shaking the vial vigorously can cause air bubbles to form, which can lead to inaccurate dosing. Proper mixing ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed and effective.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Monitoring blood glucose levels is not specifically required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect blood glucose levels.
Choice B rationale
Gallbladder studies are not required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect the gallbladder.
Choice C rationale
Liver function tests are required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication can cause hepatotoxicity, so regular monitoring of liver function is essential to detect any potential liver damage early.
Choice D rationale
Thyroid function studies are not required for clients taking pyrazinamide. This medication does not typically affect thyroid function.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking 16 oz of cranberry juice each day is correct. Cranberry juice has been shown to help prevent UTIs by inhibiting the adhesion of bacteria to the urinary tract lining. This can reduce the risk of infection, especially in individuals prone to recurrent UTIs.
Choice B rationale
Using an over-the-counter douche product after intercourse is incorrect. Douching can disrupt the natural balance of bacteria in the vagina, increasing the risk of infection. It is generally not recommended as a preventive measure for UTIs.
Choice C rationale
Waiting to void until the bladder feels full is incorrect. Delaying urination can lead to the accumulation of bacteria in the bladder, increasing the risk of infection. It is important to urinate regularly and not hold urine for extended periods.
Choice D rationale
Wearing underwear made from nylon is incorrect. Nylon underwear can trap moisture and create a warm, humid environment that promotes bacterial growth. It is better to wear breathable, cotton underwear to reduce the risk of UTIs.