A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements from the client indicates to the nurse the teaching is effective?
“I will freeze unopened insulin vials.”.
“I should increase my insulin when I exercise.”.
“I should inject the insulin into my abdominal area.”.
“I will shake the insulin vial vigorously to mix.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Freezing unopened insulin vials is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until it is opened. Freezing insulin can cause it to lose its potency and effectiveness. Once opened, insulin vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days, but they should never be frozen.
Choice B rationale
Increasing insulin when exercising is incorrect. Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels, so clients with type 1 diabetes may need to decrease their insulin dose or consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after physical activity. It is important for clients to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and adjust their insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Choice C rationale
Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is correct. The abdominal area is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection because it has a large surface area and provides consistent absorption. Other recommended sites include the upper outer arms, thighs, and buttocks. Rotating injection sites within the same area helps prevent lipodystrophy and ensures better insulin absorption.
Choice D rationale
Shaking the insulin vial vigorously to mix is incorrect. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands to mix the contents. Shaking the vial vigorously can cause air bubbles to form, which can lead to inaccurate dosing. Proper mixing ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed and effective.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Maintaining a low carbohydrate diet is not specifically recommended for clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Instead, the focus is on managing protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to prevent further kidney damage and manage symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Eliminating ingestion of foods high in protein is incorrect. While protein intake should be moderated, it should not be completely eliminated. Clients with CKD are advised to consume a controlled amount of high-quality protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys while ensuring adequate nutrition.
Choice C rationale
Increasing intake of sodium-containing food is incorrect. Clients with CKD should restrict sodium intake to help control blood pressure and prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate kidney damage.
Choice D rationale
Reducing intake of foods high in potassium is correct. Clients with CKD often have difficulty excreting potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it is important to limit foods high in potassium.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Wearing socks on the feet is not related to hip arthroplasty recovery and does not impact the healing process.
Choice B rationale
Performing leg exercises is important for preventing blood clots and maintaining mobility after hip arthroplasty.
Choice C rationale
Avoiding crossing the legs for the first 3 months after surgery helps prevent dislocation of the hip joint and promotes proper healing.
Choice D rationale
Lying on the side of the surgery may be uncomfortable, but it is not necessarily contraindicated. Proper positioning and support can help manage discomfort.