A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements from the client indicates to the nurse the teaching is effective?
“I will freeze unopened insulin vials.”.
“I should increase my insulin when I exercise.”.
“I should inject the insulin into my abdominal area.”.
“I will shake the insulin vial vigorously to mix.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Freezing unopened insulin vials is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until it is opened. Freezing insulin can cause it to lose its potency and effectiveness. Once opened, insulin vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days, but they should never be frozen.
Choice B rationale
Increasing insulin when exercising is incorrect. Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels, so clients with type 1 diabetes may need to decrease their insulin dose or consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after physical activity. It is important for clients to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and adjust their insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Choice C rationale
Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is correct. The abdominal area is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection because it has a large surface area and provides consistent absorption. Other recommended sites include the upper outer arms, thighs, and buttocks. Rotating injection sites within the same area helps prevent lipodystrophy and ensures better insulin absorption.
Choice D rationale
Shaking the insulin vial vigorously to mix is incorrect. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands to mix the contents. Shaking the vial vigorously can cause air bubbles to form, which can lead to inaccurate dosing. Proper mixing ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed and effective.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A serum creatinine test does not inform the provider about anemia. Anemia is typically diagnosed through a complete blood count (CBC) test, which measures the levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit in the blood.
Choice B rationale
A serum creatinine test does not provide information about infections. Infections are usually diagnosed through clinical evaluation and specific tests such as blood cultures, urine cultures, or imaging studies.
Choice C rationale
A serum creatinine test measures the level of creatinine in the blood, which is an indicator of kidney function. Elevated creatinine levels can indicate impaired kidney function or kidney disease.
Choice D rationale
A serum creatinine test does not provide information about thyroid disorders. Thyroid function is typically assessed through tests that measure levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the blood.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking more fluid can help dilute the urine but will not prevent it from becoming brown due to the medication.
Choice B rationale
Brown-colored urine is a known harmless side effect of nitrofurantoin. It is due to the medication itself and does not indicate any harm or need for a change in treatment.
Choice C rationale
Changing the medication is not necessary unless there are other signs that the infection is not resolving. Brown-colored urine alone is not an indication of treatment failure.
Choice D rationale
An increase in RBC destruction can cause brown urine, but this is not the case with nitrofurantoin. The brown color is due to the medication and not due to RBC destruction.