A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements from the client indicates to the nurse the teaching is effective?
“I will freeze unopened insulin vials.”.
“I should increase my insulin when I exercise.”.
“I should inject the insulin into my abdominal area.”.
“I will shake the insulin vial vigorously to mix.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Freezing unopened insulin vials is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until it is opened. Freezing insulin can cause it to lose its potency and effectiveness. Once opened, insulin vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days, but they should never be frozen.
Choice B rationale
Increasing insulin when exercising is incorrect. Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels, so clients with type 1 diabetes may need to decrease their insulin dose or consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after physical activity. It is important for clients to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and adjust their insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Choice C rationale
Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is correct. The abdominal area is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection because it has a large surface area and provides consistent absorption. Other recommended sites include the upper outer arms, thighs, and buttocks. Rotating injection sites within the same area helps prevent lipodystrophy and ensures better insulin absorption.
Choice D rationale
Shaking the insulin vial vigorously to mix is incorrect. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands to mix the contents. Shaking the vial vigorously can cause air bubbles to form, which can lead to inaccurate dosing. Proper mixing ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed and effective.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
ChoiceA rationale
Placing a sandbag to the lateral calf is not an effective method to prevent hip dislocation.Sandbagsaretypicallyusedtoprovidesupportandimmobilizationinothercontexts,suchasstabilizing fractures. They do not provide the necessary support to prevent hip dislocationafteratotalhiparthroplasty.
ChoiceB rationale
Placingawedgepillowbetweenthelegsisaneffectivemethodto preventhipdislocationaftera total hip arthroplasty. The wedge pillow helps to maintain proper alignment of the hip jointby keeping the legs abducted (apart) and preventing adduction (bringing the legs together),whichcancausedislocation.
ChoiceCrationale
Placing a trochanter roll against the thigh is not specifically aimed at preventing hipdislocation. Trochanter rolls are used to prevent external rotation of the hip in patients whoareimmobile,buttheydonotprovidethenecessarysupporttopreventdislocationafterhipsurgery.
ChoiceD rationale
Placing a footboard on the bed is not an effective method to prevent hip dislocation.Footboardsareusedtoprovidesupporttothefeetandpreventfootdropinbedriddenpatients,buttheydo notaddresstheriskofhipdislocation.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a low protein diet is incorrect. Clients with COPD often require a high-protein diet to maintain muscle mass and support respiratory function. Protein is essential for the repair and maintenance of body tissues, including respiratory muscles. A low-protein diet could lead to muscle wasting and decreased respiratory function.
Choice B rationale
Instructing the client to cough every 4 hours is incorrect. Clients with COPD should be encouraged to perform controlled coughing techniques more frequently to clear secretions and prevent respiratory infections. Coughing every 4 hours may not be sufficient to maintain airway patency and prevent complications.
Choice C rationale
Advising the client to lie down after eating is incorrect. Clients with COPD should avoid lying down immediately after eating to prevent gastroesophageal reflux, which can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Instead, they should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after meals to aid digestion and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day is correct. Adequate hydration helps to thin mucus secretions, making them easier to expectorate. This can improve airway clearance and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Additionally, staying hydrated supports overall health and well-being.