A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements from the client indicates to the nurse the teaching is effective?
“I will freeze unopened insulin vials.”.
“I should increase my insulin when I exercise.”.
“I should inject the insulin into my abdominal area.”.
“I will shake the insulin vial vigorously to mix.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Freezing unopened insulin vials is incorrect. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 36°F and 46°F (2°C and 8°C) until it is opened. Freezing insulin can cause it to lose its potency and effectiveness. Once opened, insulin vials can be kept at room temperature for up to 28 days, but they should never be frozen.
Choice B rationale
Increasing insulin when exercising is incorrect. Exercise generally lowers blood glucose levels, so clients with type 1 diabetes may need to decrease their insulin dose or consume additional carbohydrates to prevent hypoglycemia during and after physical activity. It is important for clients to monitor their blood glucose levels closely and adjust their insulin and carbohydrate intake accordingly.
Choice C rationale
Injecting insulin into the abdominal area is correct. The abdominal area is one of the recommended sites for insulin injection because it has a large surface area and provides consistent absorption. Other recommended sites include the upper outer arms, thighs, and buttocks. Rotating injection sites within the same area helps prevent lipodystrophy and ensures better insulin absorption.
Choice D rationale
Shaking the insulin vial vigorously to mix is incorrect. Insulin vials should be gently rolled between the hands to mix the contents. Shaking the vial vigorously can cause air bubbles to form, which can lead to inaccurate dosing. Proper mixing ensures that the insulin is evenly distributed and effective.
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View Related questions
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Increased urine ketones are more commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) rather than fluid volume deficit. DKA involves the breakdown of fat for energy, leading to ketone production.
Choice B rationale
Increased urine specific gravity is an expected finding in fluid volume deficit. It indicates concentrated urine due to decreased fluid intake or excessive fluid loss.
Choice C rationale
Decreased hematocrit is not typically associated with fluid volume deficit. In fact, hematocrit levels may be elevated due to hemoconcentration when there is a significant loss of fluid.
Choice D rationale
Decreased urine output is a common sign of fluid volume deficit. The body conserves water by reducing urine production to maintain fluid balance.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Frothy sputum is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs. It is not a typical finding in right-sided heart failure.
Choice B rationale
Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing while lying flat, is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. Right-sided heart failure primarily affects the systemic circulation.
Choice C rationale
Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can occur in both left-sided and right-sided heart failure. However, it is more prominently associated with left-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Peripheral edema, or swelling in the legs and ankles, is a common finding in right-sided heart failure. It occurs due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation, leading to fluid accumulation in the tissues.