A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about using transdermal patches at home. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the teaching?
“I will clean and dry the area before applying the patch."
“I will use lotion on irritated skin before applying a new patch in that area."
“I will remove the old patch and apply a new one in the same location."
“I will press the patch securely in place on my forearm."
The Correct Answer is A
A. Cleaning and drying the area before applying the patch is essential to ensure proper adhesion and effectiveness of the medication. This statement indicates the client understands proper application procedures.
B. Using lotion on irritated skin before applying a new patch can interfere with the patch's ability to adhere and may affect medication absorption. Therefore, this statement indicates a lack of understanding.
C. Removing the old patch and applying a new one in the same location is generally not recommended because it can lead to skin irritation and decreased absorption. This indicates a misunderstanding of proper patch rotation.
D. While pressing the patch securely is important, it is not as critical as ensuring the skin is clean and dry before application. Thus, this statement alone does not indicate full understanding of the teaching.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Kussmaul respirations are characterized by deep, rapid breathing typically associated with metabolic acidosis, not alternating periods of hyperventilation and apnea.
B. Apneustic respirations involve prolonged inspiration and shorter expiration phases, usually seen in brain injuries, but do not reflect alternating hyperventilation and apnea.
C. Stridor is a high-pitched wheezing sound indicative of upper airway obstruction, which does not describe the breathing pattern in this scenario.
D. Cheyne-Stokes respirations are defined by alternating periods of deep, rapid breathing (hyperventilation) followed by periods of no breathing (apnea), making this the correct choice for the client’s described pattern.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Mixing medications can alter their effectiveness and increase the risk of tube blockage. Each medication should be administered separately.
B. Flushing the NG tube with 30 mL of water after administering medications is important to ensure that the medications are cleared from the tube and absorbed properly by the patient. This also helps to prevent tube occlusion.
C. Diluting medications may not be necessary for all liquid medications, and it depends on the specific medication's guidelines. Each medication should be administered as directed.
D. The head of the bed should be elevated during and after medication administration to prevent aspiration. Keeping it flat is not recommended.