A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about risk factors for heart disease. Which of the following risk factors is modifiable? (Select All that Apply.)
Family history
Sedentary Lifestyle
Smoking
Diabetes
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
A. Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor as it cannot be changed or controlled.
B. A sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor; increasing physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease.
C. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor; quitting smoking can significantly decrease the risk of heart disease.
D. Diabetes can be managed and controlled through lifestyle changes and medication, making it a modifiable risk factor.
E. Hypertension is also a modifiable risk factor; it can be managed through diet, exercise, and medication.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. A QRS interval of 0.08 second is within the normal range and does not indicate a myocardial infarction.
B. A PR interval of 0.15 second is normal and not indicative of an acute myocardial infarction.
C. ST-segment elevation above the isoelectric line is a key indicator of an acute myocardial infarction (STEMI), signifying myocardial injury.
D. The QT interval being equal to the R to R interval is not a specific indicator of myocardial infarction.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While it may be wise to avoid driving if experiencing symptoms, asking for assistance in general does not specifically address the risk of sudden cardiac death.
B. Frequent hiccups are not a common indication or symptom directly related to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy or its risks.
C. Constipation is not directly related to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy or the risk of sudden cardiac death.
D. Avoiding competitive recreational sports is critical for clients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as these activities can increase the risk of sudden cardiac events due to physical exertion.