A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client about risk factors for heart disease. Which of the following risk factors is modifiable? (Select All that Apply.)
Family history
Sedentary Lifestyle
Smoking
Diabetes
Correct Answer : B,C,D,E
A. Family history is a non-modifiable risk factor as it cannot be changed or controlled.
B. A sedentary lifestyle is a modifiable risk factor; increasing physical activity can reduce the risk of heart disease.
C. Smoking is a modifiable risk factor; quitting smoking can significantly decrease the risk of heart disease.
D. Diabetes can be managed and controlled through lifestyle changes and medication, making it a modifiable risk factor.
E. Hypertension is also a modifiable risk factor; it can be managed through diet, exercise, and medication.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Using a thermometer to check the temperature of bath water is important for clients with PVD to prevent burns, indicating that this statement reflects understanding.
B. Wearing stockings with elastic tops is not recommended for clients with PVD as they can restrict blood flow and exacerbate symptoms. This indicates a need for further teaching.
C. The statement about not going barefoot is correct, as it helps prevent injury, which is crucial for clients with PVD.
D. Avoiding crossing legs is a proper action to promote circulation and prevent vascular complications, showing the client’s understanding of their condition.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dyspnea can indicate heart failure or embolic events resulting from infective endocarditis, making it a serious complication that warrants attention.
B. Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis due to the infection but is not a complication; rather, it is part of the disease process.
C. Petechiae are small red or purple spots that can occur with infective endocarditis but are also not considered a complication, rather a manifestation of the condition.
D. A heart murmur may be present due to valvular damage but is not classified as a complication; it is a common finding in infective endocarditis.