A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nursing students about causes of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply)
Falls
Violence
Sports-related injuries
Working as a firefighter
Working in a factory
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Falls are one of the leading causes of TBIs, especially in older adults and young children.
B. Violence, including assaults or domestic abuse, can result in traumatic brain injuries, often due to blunt trauma to the head.
C. Sports-related injuries, particularly from contact sports like football or boxing, are a well-recognized cause of TBIs.
D. While firefighting can involve physical risks, it is not a direct cause of traumatic brain injuries unless an accident involving the head occurs.
E. Working in a factory, though it may pose various risks, does not typically involve causes directly linked to TBIs unless there is an accidental head injury.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Primary progressive multiple sclerosis is characterized by a gradual progression of symptoms without relapses, so this does not match the client's pattern.
B. Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis is defined by episodes of exacerbation (active symptoms) followed by periods of remission (no symptoms), which aligns with the client's description.
C. Secondary progressive multiple sclerosis follows an initial relapsing-remitting course but leads to a more continuous decline in function, so it does not match the pattern described.
D. Clinically isolating syndrome refers to a single episode of neurological symptoms but does not indicate the pattern of relapses and remissions typical of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. Applying ice to the extremity is generally not recommended for DVT due to the risk of promoting vasoconstriction and worsening the condition; warm compresses are usually indicated instead.
B. There is no need to restrict oral fluids for a client with DVT unless there are other specific medical reasons; hydration is important.
C. Vasodilating medications are not standard treatment for DVT and may not be appropriate; anticoagulants are typically the primary treatment.
D. Monitoring platelet levels is important in managing DVT, especially when anticoagulants are used, to assess for potential complications such as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), making this option correct.