A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nursing students about causes of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply)
Falls
Violence
Sports-related injuries
Working as a firefighter
Working in a factory
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Falls are one of the leading causes of TBIs, especially in older adults and young children.
B. Violence, including assaults or domestic abuse, can result in traumatic brain injuries, often due to blunt trauma to the head.
C. Sports-related injuries, particularly from contact sports like football or boxing, are a well-recognized cause of TBIs.
D. While firefighting can involve physical risks, it is not a direct cause of traumatic brain injuries unless an accident involving the head occurs.
E. Working in a factory, though it may pose various risks, does not typically involve causes directly linked to TBIs unless there is an accidental head injury.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Dyspnea can indicate heart failure or embolic events resulting from infective endocarditis, making it a serious complication that warrants attention.
B. Fever is a common symptom of infective endocarditis due to the infection but is not a complication; rather, it is part of the disease process.
C. Petechiae are small red or purple spots that can occur with infective endocarditis but are also not considered a complication, rather a manifestation of the condition.
D. A heart murmur may be present due to valvular damage but is not classified as a complication; it is a common finding in infective endocarditis.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Shopping for shoes in the morning is not recommended, as feet tend to swell later in the day, and shoe fitting should account for potential swelling.
B. Incorporating walking into the daily routine helps improve circulation and can aid in managing peripheral vascular disease by promoting blood flow in the legs.
C. Elevating the legs might decrease circulation and is not advised for clients with peripheral vascular disease, as it can reduce blood flow to the extremities.
D. Knee-length stockings can restrict circulation, especially if they are too tight, and should be avoided to promote proper blood flow in clients with this condition.