A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a group of nursing students about causes of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). Which of the following should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select All that Apply)
Falls
Violence
Sports-related injuries
Working as a firefighter
Working in a factory
Correct Answer : A,B,C
A. Falls are one of the leading causes of TBIs, especially in older adults and young children.
B. Violence, including assaults or domestic abuse, can result in traumatic brain injuries, often due to blunt trauma to the head.
C. Sports-related injuries, particularly from contact sports like football or boxing, are a well-recognized cause of TBIs.
D. While firefighting can involve physical risks, it is not a direct cause of traumatic brain injuries unless an accident involving the head occurs.
E. Working in a factory, though it may pose various risks, does not typically involve causes directly linked to TBIs unless there is an accidental head injury.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
A. Primary dementia is not characterized by temporary or reversible loss of brain function; it typically involves progressive and irreversible changes.
B. Forgetfulness that gradually progresses to disorientation is a common manifestation of primary dementia, indicating cognitive decline.
C. Hyper vigilant behaviors are not typical of dementia; instead, individuals may exhibit confusion or disorientation.
D. Sleeping more during the day than nighttime is not a specific manifestation of primary dementia and could be attributed to other factors, including other medical conditions or medications.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
A. The headache is not related to anxiety but is a known side effect of nitroglycerin due to vasodilation.
B. An allergy to nitroglycerin typically presents as a rash or breathing difficulty, not a headache.
C. Nitroglycerin commonly causes headaches due to the dilation of blood vessels in the brain, which usually lessens over time as the body adjusts.
D. A headache does not indicate tolerance to the medication. Tolerance develops when the body becomes less responsive to the medication's effects, which usually involves a reduced effect on chest pain, not the onset of a headache.