A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching to explain the correlation between changes in the coronary arteries and manifestations that occur?
"Coronary arteries become more elastic causing the arteries to stretch as individuals age causing the heart not to receive enough oxygen."
"The heart and the coronary arteries weaken, leading to poor perfusion and resulting in angina."
"Manifestations occur due to dilation of coronary arteries with increased blood flow causing increased pressure."
"Coronary arteries decrease in diameter leading to insufficient blood, oxygen, and nutrients reaching the heart muscle."
The Correct Answer is D
A. While coronary arteries may change with age, the increased elasticity does not lead to insufficient oxygen; rather, it can affect their ability to respond to increased demand.
B. Weakening of the heart can contribute to heart failure but is not a direct explanation for how coronary artery disease causes angina.
C. Dilation of coronary arteries typically does not cause manifestations in coronary artery disease; instead, it is the narrowing (stenosis) that leads to issues.
D. Decreased diameter of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis is the primary issue in coronary artery disease, which leads to inadequate blood supply, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle, causing symptoms like angina.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While age contributes to hypertension risk, being male and 53 years old does not inherently confer the greatest risk when compared to other factors like ethnicity.
B. The client’s younger age and female gender reduce the overall risk for hypertension compared to other groups.
C. Although people of Asian ethnicity can develop hypertension, their overall risk is lower than that of African Americans.
D. African Americans have a significantly higher risk for hypertension due to a combination of genetic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. This group is known to have a higher prevalence of this condition, often developing it at an earlier age.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. While it may be wise to avoid driving if experiencing symptoms, asking for assistance in general does not specifically address the risk of sudden cardiac death.
B. Frequent hiccups are not a common indication or symptom directly related to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy or its risks.
C. Constipation is not directly related to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy or the risk of sudden cardiac death.
D. Avoiding competitive recreational sports is critical for clients with arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, as these activities can increase the risk of sudden cardiac events due to physical exertion.