A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching to explain the correlation between changes in the coronary arteries and manifestations that occur?
"Coronary arteries become more elastic causing the arteries to stretch as individuals age causing the heart not to receive enough oxygen."
"The heart and the coronary arteries weaken, leading to poor perfusion and resulting in angina."
"Manifestations occur due to dilation of coronary arteries with increased blood flow causing increased pressure."
"Coronary arteries decrease in diameter leading to insufficient blood, oxygen, and nutrients reaching the heart muscle."
The Correct Answer is D
A. While coronary arteries may change with age, the increased elasticity does not lead to insufficient oxygen; rather, it can affect their ability to respond to increased demand.
B. Weakening of the heart can contribute to heart failure but is not a direct explanation for how coronary artery disease causes angina.
C. Dilation of coronary arteries typically does not cause manifestations in coronary artery disease; instead, it is the narrowing (stenosis) that leads to issues.
D. Decreased diameter of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis is the primary issue in coronary artery disease, which leads to inadequate blood supply, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle, causing symptoms like angina.
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Correct Answer is ["B","C"]
Explanation
A. Clients with a basilar skull fracture may experience confusion or memory loss regarding the injury, making them unable to recall how it occurred.
B. Pooling of blood around the eyes, known as "raccoon eyes," is a common sign of a basilar skull fracture.
C. Bruising over the mastoid process (Battle's sign) is another classic sign of a basilar skull fracture, indicating trauma to the base of the skull.
D. Chvostek's sign is associated with hypocalcemia, not basilar skull fractures.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
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C. Opioid medications may be necessary, but they should be prescribed according to the client’s pain needs rather than a routine intervention.
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