A nurse is reinforcing teaching to a client who has coronary artery disease. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching to explain the correlation between changes in the coronary arteries and manifestations that occur?
"Coronary arteries become more elastic causing the arteries to stretch as individuals age causing the heart not to receive enough oxygen."
"The heart and the coronary arteries weaken, leading to poor perfusion and resulting in angina."
"Manifestations occur due to dilation of coronary arteries with increased blood flow causing increased pressure."
"Coronary arteries decrease in diameter leading to insufficient blood, oxygen, and nutrients reaching the heart muscle."
The Correct Answer is D
A. While coronary arteries may change with age, the increased elasticity does not lead to insufficient oxygen; rather, it can affect their ability to respond to increased demand.
B. Weakening of the heart can contribute to heart failure but is not a direct explanation for how coronary artery disease causes angina.
C. Dilation of coronary arteries typically does not cause manifestations in coronary artery disease; instead, it is the narrowing (stenosis) that leads to issues.
D. Decreased diameter of the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis is the primary issue in coronary artery disease, which leads to inadequate blood supply, oxygen, and nutrients to the heart muscle, causing symptoms like angina.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Managing cholesterol levels is crucial as high cholesterol can lead to plaque buildup in the arteries, increasing the risk of stroke.
B. Using oral contraceptives can actually increase the risk of stroke, especially in women who smoke or have other risk factors.
C. Maintaining a normal blood pressure is essential; elevated blood pressure can lead to increased risk of stroke, not good blood flow.
D. While moderate alcohol consumption may have some benefits, the general recommendation is to limit intake to reduce stroke risk; therefore, stating that up to 3 drinks a day is safe is misleading.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. Computerized tomography angiography (CTA) is commonly used to visualize blood vessels and identify any blockages or abnormalities in blood flow that may have contributed to a TIA.
B. While a complete blood count (CBC) may be ordered as part of the general assessment, it is not specific for diagnosing TIA and does not provide information on cerebrovascular issues.
C. A transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is used to assess cardiac function and may be indicated in some stroke cases, but it is not the primary diagnostic test for TIA.
D. Prothrombin time (PT) assesses clotting function but is not specific for diagnosing TIA; it may be ordered for other reasons but is not a primary diagnostic tool in this context.