A nurse is reinforcing teaching about pernicious anemia with a client following a total gastrectomy. Which of the following dietary supplements should the nurse include in the teaching as the treatment for pernicious anemia?
Folate
Vitamin C
Vitamin B12
Iron
The Correct Answer is C
A. Folate: Folate is important for red blood cell production but does not address the Vitamin B12 deficiency seen in pernicious anemia.
B. Vitamin C: Vitamin C does not impact pernicious anemia as it is not involved in Vitamin B12 absorption.
C. Vitamin B12: Pernicious anemia occurs due to a lack of intrinsic factor, which is necessary for Vitamin B12 absorption. After a total gastrectomy, intrinsic factor is no longer produced, requiring Vitamin B12 supplementation.
D. Iron: Iron deficiency anemia is different from pernicious anemia, which specifically requires Vitamin B12 supplementation.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
A. "Aplastic anemia results from decreased bone marrow production of RBCs." Aplastic anemia is characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce adequate red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells, and platelets. This results in pancytopenia, which increases the risk of infections, anemia, and bleeding.
B. "Aplastic anemia is directly related to impaired liver function." Aplastic anemia is not related to liver function; it originates from the bone marrow’s inability to produce sufficient blood cells.
C. "Aplastic anemia is associated with the decreased intake of iron." Aplastic anemia is not caused by iron deficiency; it is primarily due to bone marrow failure. Iron deficiency anemia, on the other hand, results from a lack of iron intake or absorption.
D. "Aplastic anemia results in an increased rate of RBC destruction." Increased RBC destruction is characteristic of hemolytic anemia, not aplastic anemia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
A. RBC's: Red blood cells (RBCs) are not indicative of Hodgkin’s lymphoma; they are involved in oxygen transport throughout the body and are not a specific marker for any lymphoma.
B. Bence-Jones Cells: Bence-Jones proteins are light chain proteins found in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma, not Hodgkin’s lymphoma.
C. Stem Cells: Stem cells are progenitor cells that can develop into various blood cell types but are not characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma specifically. Reed-Sternberg cells, not stem cells, are the hallmark of this disease.
D. Reed-Sternberg Cell: Reed-Sternberg cells are large, abnormal B cells that are characteristic of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Their presence in lymph node tissue is a key diagnostic feature of the disease.