A nurse is reinforcing teaching about insulin injections with a client who is newly diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include about site selection?
Rotate the injection site to keep insulin levels consistent.
Massage the site after injection to promote absorption.
Insulin is absorbed most rapidly when injected in the thigh.
Use cold insulin for injection to minimize site pain.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Rotating injection sites is essential to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption.
B. Massaging the injection site is not recommended, as it can alter the absorption rate and lead to unpredictable blood glucose levels.
C. Insulin is absorbed most rapidly when injected into the abdomen, not the thigh.
D. Using cold insulin is not advised as it can cause more pain during the injection; room temperature insulin is typically more comfortable for injections.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Blood glucose levels should be checked every 3 to 4 hours during illness, not every 6 hours, due to the risk of hyperglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA).
B. Juices, soda, and gelatin are allowed during illness as they provide quick carbohydrates, especially if the client is unable to eat solid foods.
C. The client may need to adjust insulin dosages based on blood glucose readings during illness, rather than simply administering the usual dose.
D. The nurse should instruct the client to report a blood glucose level greater than 300 mg/dL because this could indicate DKA or the need for more aggressive treatment.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Rationale:
A. A 2-hour blood glucose of 132 mg/dL is within normal limits, as levels under 140 mg/dL are considered normal after an oral glucose tolerance test.
B. A fasting blood glucose level of 155 mg/dL is above the normal threshold (greater than 126 mg/dL indicates diabetes).
C. A casual blood glucose of 178 mg/dL suggests hyperglycemia but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes unless associated with symptoms.
D. An HbA1c of 5.2% is well within the normal range (below 5.7%).