A nurse is reinforcing teaching about insulin injections with a client who is newly diagnosed with type I diabetes mellitus. Which of the following information should the nurse include about site selection?
Rotate the injection site to keep insulin levels consistent.
Massage the site after injection to promote absorption.
Insulin is absorbed most rapidly when injected in the thigh.
Use cold insulin for injection to minimize site pain.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Rotating injection sites is essential to prevent lipodystrophy and ensure consistent insulin absorption.
B. Massaging the injection site is not recommended, as it can alter the absorption rate and lead to unpredictable blood glucose levels.
C. Insulin is absorbed most rapidly when injected into the abdomen, not the thigh.
D. Using cold insulin is not advised as it can cause more pain during the injection; room temperature insulin is typically more comfortable for injections.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. In hyperparathyroidism, calcium levels are typically increased due to excessive parathyroid hormone activity, leading to calcium mobilization from bones.
B. Parathyroid hormone levels would generally be increased in hyperparathyroidism as the parathyroid glands produce more hormone in response to low calcium levels, but the condition itself is defined by elevated hormone levels.
C. Increased phosphate levels are expected due to the effects of elevated parathyroid hormone causing increased renal excretion of phosphate while allowing calcium to rise.
D. Magnesium levels can vary, but they are not typically significantly elevated in hyperparathyroidism; thus, increased magnesium is not a standard finding.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Abruptly withdrawing corticosteroid therapy can lead to adrenal insufficiency, not Cushing syndrome.
B. Poorly functioning adrenal glands cause Addison’s disease, not Cushing syndrome.
C. Lacking ACTH leads to secondary adrenal insufficiency, not Cushing syndrome.
D. Taking corticosteroids for many years can result in exogenous Cushing syndrome due to prolonged exposure to high cortisol levels, which mimic the effects of endogenous Cushing syndrome.