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A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

A.

Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.

B.

Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.

C.

Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.

D.

Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.

Answer and Explanation

The Correct Answer is B

Choice A rationale

 

Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.

 

Choice B rationale

 

Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.

 

Choice C rationale

 

Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.

 

Choice D rationale

 

Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.


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Correct Answer is B

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Drinking more fluid can help dilute the urine but will not prevent it from becoming brown due to the medication.

Choice B rationale

Brown-colored urine is a known harmless side effect of nitrofurantoin. It is due to the medication itself and does not indicate any harm or need for a change in treatment.

Choice C rationale

Changing the medication is not necessary unless there are other signs that the infection is not resolving. Brown-colored urine alone is not an indication of treatment failure.

Choice D rationale

An increase in RBC destruction can cause brown urine, but this is not the case with nitrofurantoin. The brown color is due to the medication and not due to RBC destruction.

Correct Answer is C

Explanation

Choice A rationale

Metabolic acidosis is incorrect. Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a low pH and low HCO₃ levels. In this case, the HCO₃ level is normal, which rules out metabolic acidosis.

Choice B rationale

Metabolic alkalosis is incorrect. Metabolic alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and high HCO₃ levels. In this case, the pH is low, and the HCO₃ level is normal, which rules out metabolic alkalosis.

Choice C rationale

Respiratory acidosis is correct. Respiratory acidosis is characterized by a low pH and high PaCO₂ levels. In this case, the pH is 7.24 (low), and the PaCO₂ is 53 (high), indicating respiratory acidosis. This condition occurs when there is an accumulation of CO₂ in the blood due to inadequate ventilation.

Choice D rationale

Respiratory alkalosis is incorrect. Respiratory alkalosis is characterized by a high pH and low PaCO₂ levels. In this case, the pH is low, and the PaCO₂ is high, which rules out respiratory alkalosis.

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