A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Rifampin can cause discoloration of body fluids, including tears, which can stain contact lenses. Therefore, it is recommended to wear glasses instead of contacts while taking this medication.
Choice B rationale
A yellow tint to the skin is not an expected reaction to rifampin. This could indicate jaundice, a sign of liver dysfunction, which requires immediate medical attention.
Choice C rationale
Lifelong treatment with rifampin is not necessary. The typical duration of treatment for active tuberculosis is 6 to 9 months.
Choice D rationale
Rifampin does not cause amenorrhea when taken with oral contraceptives. However, it can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives, so additional contraceptive methods should be used.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Telling the client to expect a decrease in urine output is incorrect because it may indicate dehydration, obstruction, or infection. Clients with urolithiasis should be encouraged to maintain adequate urine output to help flush out stones and prevent new stone formation. Decreased urine output can lead to complications and should be addressed promptly.
Choice B rationale
Providing the client with a high protein diet is incorrect because it may increase uric acid and calcium excretion, which can promote stone formation. Clients with urolithiasis should follow a balanced diet that is low in substances that can contribute to stone formation, such as oxalates, purines, and excessive calcium.
Choice C rationale
Maintaining the client on bed rest is incorrect because it may decrease renal perfusion and increase urinary stasis. Clients with urolithiasis should be encouraged to stay active and mobile to promote better circulation and prevent complications. Bed rest is not typically recommended unless there are specific medical indications for it.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 3 L of fluids per day is correct because it helps to flush out stones, prevent new stone formation, and reduce urinary concentration. Adequate hydration is essential for clients with urolithiasis to maintain proper kidney function and reduce the risk of
complications. Drinking plenty of fluids helps to dilute the urine and promote the passage of stones.