A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
High fever in the early morning is not a typical finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. TB patients may experience low-grade fevers, but high fevers are less common and usually occur in the evening or at night.
Choice B rationale
Fatigue is a common symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. TB is a chronic infectious disease that can cause prolonged periods of fatigue and weakness due to the body’s ongoing immune response to the infection.
Choice C rationale
Increased appetite is not a typical finding in pulmonary tuberculosis. TB patients often experience a loss of appetite and unintentional weight loss due to the systemic effects of the infection.
Choice D rationale
Night sweats are a classic symptom of pulmonary tuberculosis. TB patients often experience drenching night sweats as a result of the body’s immune response to the infection. This symptom, along with chronic cough and weight loss, is a key indicator of TB.
Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Drinking more fluid can help dilute the urine but will not prevent it from becoming brown due to the medication.
Choice B rationale
Brown-colored urine is a known harmless side effect of nitrofurantoin. It is due to the medication itself and does not indicate any harm or need for a change in treatment.
Choice C rationale
Changing the medication is not necessary unless there are other signs that the infection is not resolving. Brown-colored urine alone is not an indication of treatment failure.
Choice D rationale
An increase in RBC destruction can cause brown urine, but this is not the case with nitrofurantoin. The brown color is due to the medication and not due to RBC destruction.