A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is B
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Using several different scales to obtain the weight is incorrect. Consistency is key when monitoring weight, especially for clients with chronic kidney disease. Using the same scale ensures that weight measurements are accurate and comparable over time. Different scales may have slight variations, leading to inconsistent and unreliable data.
Choice B rationale
Weighing at the same time each day is correct. It is important to weigh at the same time each day, preferably in the morning after voiding and before eating, to obtain consistent and accurate measurements. This helps in monitoring fluid retention and changes in body weight, which are critical for managing chronic kidney disease.
Choice C rationale
Calibrating weight scales every week is not necessary. While it is important to ensure that the scale is accurate, weekly calibration is excessive. Regular calibration according to the manufacturer’s instructions or as needed is sufficient to maintain accuracy. Over-calibration can be time-consuming and may not significantly improve measurement accuracy.
Choice D rationale
Measuring weight just prior to voiding is incorrect. Weighing after voiding provides a more accurate measurement of body weight without the influence of bladder contents. This is especially important for clients with chronic kidney disease, as fluid balance and retention are closely monitored.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Providing a low protein diet is incorrect. Clients with COPD often require a high-protein diet to maintain muscle mass and support respiratory function. Protein is essential for the repair and maintenance of body tissues, including respiratory muscles. A low-protein diet could lead to muscle wasting and decreased respiratory function.
Choice B rationale
Instructing the client to cough every 4 hours is incorrect. Clients with COPD should be encouraged to perform controlled coughing techniques more frequently to clear secretions and prevent respiratory infections. Coughing every 4 hours may not be sufficient to maintain airway patency and prevent complications.
Choice C rationale
Advising the client to lie down after eating is incorrect. Clients with COPD should avoid lying down immediately after eating to prevent gastroesophageal reflux, which can exacerbate respiratory symptoms. Instead, they should remain upright for at least 30 minutes after meals to aid digestion and reduce the risk of aspiration.
Choice D rationale
Encouraging the client to drink 8 glasses of water a day is correct. Adequate hydration helps to thin mucus secretions, making them easier to expectorate. This can improve airway clearance and reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Additionally, staying hydrated supports overall health and well-being.