A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Frothy sputum is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure, where fluid backs up into the lungs. It is not a typical finding in right-sided heart failure.
Choice B rationale
Orthopnea, or difficulty breathing while lying flat, is more commonly associated with left-sided heart failure. Right-sided heart failure primarily affects the systemic circulation.
Choice C rationale
Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, can occur in both left-sided and right-sided heart failure. However, it is more prominently associated with left-sided heart failure.
Choice D rationale
Peripheral edema, or swelling in the legs and ankles, is a common finding in right-sided heart failure. It occurs due to the backup of blood in the systemic circulation, leading to fluid accumulation in the tissues.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Maintaining a low carbohydrate diet is not specifically recommended for clients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Instead, the focus is on managing protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus intake to prevent further kidney damage and manage symptoms.
Choice B rationale
Eliminating ingestion of foods high in protein is incorrect. While protein intake should be moderated, it should not be completely eliminated. Clients with CKD are advised to consume a controlled amount of high-quality protein to reduce the burden on the kidneys while ensuring adequate nutrition.
Choice C rationale
Increasing intake of sodium-containing food is incorrect. Clients with CKD should restrict sodium intake to help control blood pressure and prevent fluid retention, which can exacerbate kidney damage.
Choice D rationale
Reducing intake of foods high in potassium is correct. Clients with CKD often have difficulty excreting potassium, leading to hyperkalemia, which can be dangerous. Therefore, it is important to limit foods high in potassium.