A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
A red and beefy tongue is not a symptom of digoxin toxicity. This symptom is more commonly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency or other nutritional deficiencies.
Choice B rationale
Constipation is not a typical symptom of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin toxicity primarily affects the gastrointestinal system with symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, rather than causing constipation.
Choice C rationale
Yellow vision, or xanthopsia, is a classic symptom of digoxin toxicity. Digoxin can cause visual disturbances, including seeing halos around lights and a yellow tint to vision, due to its effects on the optic nerve.
Choice D rationale
Gaining weight is not a symptom of digoxin toxicity. Weight gain is more commonly associated with fluid retention in conditions such as heart failure, which digoxin is used to treat.
Correct Answer is ["A","B","C","D"]
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Obtaining the client’s weight is essential before hemodialysis to assess fluid status and determine the amount of fluid to be removed during the procedure. Accurate weight measurement helps in preventing complications such as hypotension or fluid overload.
Choice B rationale
Verifying the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is important in assessing the kidney function of the client. GFR helps in determining the stage of chronic kidney disease and the appropriate dialysis regimen. It also aids in monitoring the effectiveness of the treatment.
Choice C rationale
Checking the graft site for a palpable thrill is crucial in assessing the patency of the vascular access used for hemodialysis. A palpable thrill indicates that the graft is functioning properly and allows for adequate blood flow during dialysis. Absence of a thrill may indicate a blockage or malfunction of the graft.
Choice D rationale
Documenting vital signs is a standard nursing practice before, during, and after hemodialysis. Monitoring vital signs helps in detecting any changes in the client’s condition, such as hypotension, hypertension, or arrhythmias, which may occur during the procedure. It ensures timely intervention and promotes client safety.
Choice E rationale
Administering a sedative to the client is not a standard practice for hemodialysis. Sedatives are generally not required for the procedure and may pose risks such as respiratory depression or altered mental status. The focus should be on providing comfort and reassurance to the client without the use of sedatives.