A nurse is reinforcing discharge teaching with a client who has osteoarthritis. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint.
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures.
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues.
The Correct Answer is B
Choice A rationale
Osteoarthritis is caused by inflammation that affects both joints and other body tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis, which is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic inflammation.
Choice B rationale
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the aging process and results in disintegration of cartilage in a joint is correct. Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease that primarily affects the cartilage, leading to its breakdown over time.
Choice C rationale
Osteoarthritis is due to loss of calcium in the bones, which can lead to increased risk for bone fractures is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of osteoporosis, a condition that weakens bones and makes them more prone to fractures.
Choice D rationale
Osteoarthritis happens in several phases when deposits of crystals develop in joints and soft tissues is incorrect. This description is more characteristic of gout, a type of arthritis caused by the deposition of urate crystals in the joints.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Sweating is incorrect. While sweating can be a symptom of hypoglycemia, it is not a specific indicator of effective diabetes management.
Choice B rationale
Tachycardia is incorrect. Tachycardia can occur during hypoglycemia due to the body’s release of adrenaline, but it is not a specific indicator of effective diabetes management.
Choice C rationale
Polydipsia is incorrect. Polydipsia, or excessive thirst, is a symptom of hyperglycemia, indicating poor blood sugar control.
Choice D rationale
Polyuria is correct. Polyuria, or frequent urination, is a symptom of hyperglycemia. Effective diabetes management aims to reduce hyperglycemia and its symptoms.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Regular insulin should be clear. If it appears cloudy, it may be contaminated or expired, and should be discarded. This is a correct instruction for self-administering regular insulin and NPH insulin from the same syringe.
Choice B rationale
When mixing insulins, regular insulin should be drawn up first, followed by NPH insulin. Drawing up NPH insulin first can lead to contamination of the regular insulin with the cloudy NPH insulin.
Choice C rationale
NPH insulin should be gently rolled or inverted to mix, not shaken. Shaking can cause bubbles, which can lead to inaccurate dosing.
Choice D rationale
Air should be injected into the NPH insulin vial first, not the regular insulin vial. This helps prevent contamination and ensures accurate dosing.