A nurse is providing teaching to students about physical and psychosocial effects of stress to school-aged children. Which of the following levels of prevention does this demonstrate?
Secondary prevention
Suicide prevention
Primary prevention
Tertiary prevention
The Correct Answer is C
A. Secondary prevention involves early detection and prompt intervention in health issues that have already occurred; providing education about stress does not fall under this category.
B. Suicide prevention is a specific aspect of mental health care and is not directly related to general stress education.
C. Primary prevention aims to prevent the onset of health issues and promote health and well-being, making the education on stress and its effects a form of primary prevention.
D. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation and management of existing diseases, which does not apply to teaching about stress effects.
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Correct Answer is ["C","D","E"]
Explanation
A. Vocal changes are more pronounced in boys during puberty; girls typically do not experience significant vocal changes.
B. Height does not decrease; instead, girls experience a growth spurt during puberty before reaching their adult height.
C. Breast development is one of the first signs of puberty in girls, typically occurring between ages 8 and 13.
D. Menarche, the first menstrual period, usually occurs later in puberty and is an important milestone indicating the onset of reproductive capability.
E. Increased axillary hair growth is also a common change that occurs during puberty as hormone levels rise.
Correct Answer is ["B","C","E"]
Explanation
A. Cyanosis of the lips and tongue is not a typical finding in coarctation of the aorta; rather, it is more associated with cyanotic congenital heart defects.
B. Weak or absent femoral pulses are expected due to reduced blood flow to the lower body, as the coarctation typically occurs distal to the left subclavian artery.
C. Bounding pulses in the upper extremities are common because the blood flow to the upper body is increased, leading to stronger pulses.
D. High blood pressure in the lower extremities is not typical; instead, there is often lower blood pressure in the lower body due to the obstruction.
E. Poor feeding and irritability are common symptoms in infants with heart conditions, as they may be in distress or not getting enough blood flow to meet their metabolic needs.