A nurse is providing teaching to a school-age client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will reduce my insulin dose if I am sick."
"I will eat a snack half an hour before playing soccer."
"I will count the amount of fat calories I consume to manage my diabetes."
"I will check my blood glucose level after meals."
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Insulin doses should not be reduced when sick, as illness often increases blood glucose levels.
B. Eating a snack before physical activity helps prevent hypoglycemia, demonstrating a good understanding of how to manage blood glucose levels during exercise.
C. Counting carbohydrates, not fat calories, is essential for managing blood glucose levels in diabetes.
D. Blood glucose levels are typically checked before meals and at other key times, rather than only after meals.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) often presents with a limited range of motion in the affected hip, particularly in abduction.
B. Asymmetry of the gluteal skinfolds, not symmetry, is a typical finding in DDH. This asymmetry is due to the improper alignment of the hip joint.
C. A positive Barlow test, where the hip can be dislocated by adduction and posterior pressure, is indicative of DDH. A negative Barlow test would suggest the absence of DDH.
D. A pale and cool leg is not a common finding in DDH. This would be more indicative of a circulatory problem, not hip dysplasia.
Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Increasing fiber intake is beneficial for overall digestive health and can prevent constipation, which may help in reducing the risk of UTIs.
B. Wiping from front to back is crucial in preventing the spread of bacteria from the anal area to the urinary tract, reducing the risk of recurrent UTIs.
C. Follow-up with a specialist may be necessary if the child has recurrent UTIs, to rule out underlying issues such as vesicoureteral reflux.
D. No additional testing after antibiotics might be needed for a simple UTI, but in cases of recurrent UTIs, further testing is often required to ensure the infection has resolved and to investigate any underlying causes.