A nurse is providing teaching to a school-age client who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
"I will reduce my insulin dose if I am sick."
"I will eat a snack half an hour before playing soccer."
"I will count the amount of fat calories I consume to manage my diabetes."
"I will check my blood glucose level after meals."
The Correct Answer is B
Rationale:
A. Insulin doses should not be reduced when sick, as illness often increases blood glucose levels.
B. Eating a snack before physical activity helps prevent hypoglycemia, demonstrating a good understanding of how to manage blood glucose levels during exercise.
C. Counting carbohydrates, not fat calories, is essential for managing blood glucose levels in diabetes.
D. Blood glucose levels are typically checked before meals and at other key times, rather than only after meals.
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Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Decreased urine specific gravity is not typical; rather, increased specific gravity may be noted due to concentrated urine.
B. Hypotension is not usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis; hypertension is more common due to fluid retention and renal impairment.
C. A positive antistreptolysin O titer indicates a recent streptococcal infection, which is often the cause of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are expected due to impaired kidney function, not low levels.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Topical corticosteroid ointments are commonly used to reduce inflammation and treat flare-ups in children with eczema. The nurse should instruct the parent on the proper use of these medications.
B. Bubble baths can be irritating to the skin and should be avoided, especially in children with eczema, as they can exacerbate dryness and irritation.
C. The skin should be patted dry rather than rubbed, and moisturizers should be applied while the skin is still slightly damp to help retain moisture.
D. Fabric softeners can be irritating to sensitive skin and are not recommended for laundering the clothing of children with eczema.