A nurse is providing teaching to a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the child indicates an understanding of the teaching?
“I should not take my regular insulin when I am sick.”.
“I can store unopened bottles of insulin in the freezer.”.
“My morning blood glucose should be between 90 and 130.”.
“I should eat a snack half an hour before playing soccer.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Regular insulin should not be withheld during illness. When a person with type 1 diabetes is sick, their body may produce more glucose due to stress and infection, leading to hyperglycemia. Therefore, it is crucial to continue taking insulin to manage blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B rationale
Insulin should not be stored in the freezer. Freezing insulin can cause it to degrade and lose its effectiveness. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F) until it is opened. Once opened, it can be kept at room temperature for a specified period, usually around 28 days.
Choice C rationale
The target range for morning blood glucose levels in children with type 1 diabetes is typically between 90 and 130 mg/dL. Maintaining blood glucose within this range helps to prevent both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, ensuring better overall diabetes management and reducing the risk of complications.
Choice D rationale
Eating a snack before physical activity is important for children with type 1 diabetes to prevent hypoglycemia. Physical activity can lower blood glucose levels, so having a snack that contains carbohydrates can help maintain stable blood glucose levels during exercise.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Erikson’s stage of initiative versus guilt occurs in preschool-aged children (3-5 years), not toddlers.
Choice B rationale
Imaginary playmates are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice C rationale
Demonstrations of sexual curiosity are more common in preschool-aged children and are not a characteristic of toddlerhood.
Choice D rationale
Negative behaviors characterized by the need for autonomy are typical in toddlers. This stage, according to Erikson, is autonomy versus shame and doubt, where toddlers strive for independence and self-control.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Over-riding suture lines are not a typical manifestation of hydrocephalus. This condition involves the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain’s ventricles, leading to increased intracranial pressure.
Choice B rationale
A backward sloping appearance of the forehead is not associated with hydrocephalus. This condition typically presents with an enlarged head circumference due to fluid accumulation.
Choice C rationale
Dilated scalp veins are a common manifestation of hydrocephalus. The increased intracranial pressure causes the veins to become more prominent and visible.
Choice D rationale
Hypertension is not a primary symptom of hydrocephalus in newborns. The condition primarily affects the brain and skull, leading to symptoms like an enlarged head, bulging fontanelles, and dilated scalp veins.