A nurse is providing teaching to a school-age child who has a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following statements by the child indicates an understanding of the teaching?
“I should not take my regular insulin when I am sick.”.
“I can store unopened bottles of insulin in the freezer.”.
“My morning blood glucose should be between 90 and 130.”.
“I should eat a snack half an hour before playing soccer.”.
The Correct Answer is C
Choice A rationale
Regular insulin should not be withheld during illness. When a person with type 1 diabetes is sick, their body may produce more glucose due to stress and infection, leading to hyperglycemia. Therefore, it is crucial to continue taking insulin to manage blood glucose levels effectively.
Choice B rationale
Insulin should not be stored in the freezer. Freezing insulin can cause it to degrade and lose its effectiveness. Insulin should be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature between 2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F) until it is opened. Once opened, it can be kept at room temperature for a specified period, usually around 28 days.
Choice C rationale
The target range for morning blood glucose levels in children with type 1 diabetes is typically between 90 and 130 mg/dL. Maintaining blood glucose within this range helps to prevent both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, ensuring better overall diabetes management and reducing the risk of complications.
Choice D rationale
Eating a snack before physical activity is important for children with type 1 diabetes to prevent hypoglycemia. Physical activity can lower blood glucose levels, so having a snack that contains carbohydrates can help maintain stable blood glucose levels during exercise.
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Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
The FLACC scale (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) is suitable for assessing pain in infants and young children who cannot verbally communicate their pain. It evaluates five criteria to determine the level of pain.
Choice B rationale
The FACES scale is more appropriate for children aged 3 years and older who can point to the face that best represents their pain level.
Choice C rationale
The OUCHER scale is also designed for older children who can understand and use the photographic or numerical scale to indicate their pain.
Choice D rationale
The PANAD scale is used for assessing pain in patients with advanced dementia and is not suitable for infants.
Correct Answer is A
Explanation
Choice A rationale
Encouraging the parents to rock the infant provides comfort and emotional support, which is crucial for the infant’s recovery. Rocking can also help soothe the infant and promote bonding between the parents and the child.
Choice B rationale
Administering ibuprofen as needed for pain is not recommended for infants under 6 months of age due to the risk of adverse effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding and kidney damage.
Choice C rationale
Positioning the infant on her abdomen is contraindicated after cleft lip repair surgery as it can put pressure on the surgical site, potentially causing damage and increasing the risk of infection.
Choice D rationale
Offering the infant a pacifier is not advisable as sucking can put strain on the surgical site, potentially leading to complications and delaying the healing process.