A nurse is providing teaching to a parent of a preschooler who has eczema. What instruction should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
Apply a topical corticosteroid ointment to the affected area.
Give the child a bubble bath every day.
Rub the skin until completely dry before applying lubricants.
Launder the child's clothing with fabric softener.
The Correct Answer is A
Rationale:
A. Topical corticosteroid ointments are commonly used to reduce inflammation and treat flare-ups in children with eczema. The nurse should instruct the parent on the proper use of these medications.
B. Bubble baths can be irritating to the skin and should be avoided, especially in children with eczema, as they can exacerbate dryness and irritation.
C. The skin should be patted dry rather than rubbed, and moisturizers should be applied while the skin is still slightly damp to help retain moisture.
D. Fabric softeners can be irritating to sensitive skin and are not recommended for laundering the clothing of children with eczema.
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Correct Answer is D
Explanation
Rationale:
A. While monitoring blood pressure is important, a blood pressure of 98/62 mm Hg may not immediately warrant notification unless there are signs of hypotension or other symptoms. The focus should be on careful management of fluid and electrolytes.
B. In cases of acute renal failure, potassium levels can become elevated due to impaired renal function. Therefore, IV fluids should typically be low in potassium to prevent hyperkalemia.
C. In acute renal failure, a diet high in protein and sodium is not recommended. Instead, dietary restrictions are usually advised to manage waste products and fluid balance.
D. Administering IV fluids slowly helps to prevent fluid overload, which is crucial in managing renal failure and maintaining hemodynamic stability.
Correct Answer is C
Explanation
Rationale:
A. Decreased urine specific gravity is not typical; rather, increased specific gravity may be noted due to concentrated urine.
B. Hypotension is not usually associated with acute glomerulonephritis; hypertension is more common due to fluid retention and renal impairment.
C. A positive antistreptolysin O titer indicates a recent streptococcal infection, which is often the cause of post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis.
D. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are expected due to impaired kidney function, not low levels.